Thermal adaptation studies provide researchers great insight to help understand how people respond to thermal discomfort. This research aims to assess outdoor urban plaza conditions in hot and humid regions of Asia by conducting an evaluation of thermal adaptation. We also propose that questionnaire items are appropriate for determining thermal adaptation strategies adopted by urban plaza users...

in traditional bazaars social interactions, parallel to economic and movement interactions, created a mixed urban space which was dynamic, lively and attractive to the audience. however, modern shopping centers and shopping malls are economy focused and void of variety of urban spaces like traditional bazaars. the presence of public open spaces and urban squares undetectable from traditional ba...

Climate change scenarios predict an increase of intense rainfall events in summer in Western Europe. Current urban drainage systems cannot cope with such intense precipitation events. Cities are constructing stormwater storage facilities to prevent pluvial flooding. Combining storage with other functions, such as recreation, may lead to exposure to contaminants. This study assessed the microbia...

Abstract Urban plazas provide opportunities for children to play, learn and explore. In particular, public art in urban can be a medium absorb more children. This research has developed the Inclusive Plaza Design (IUPD) assessment tool, which complies with principles features of plaza design based on children’s preferences, needs, wishes, perceptions their healthy growth. The AHP (Analytical Hi...

The distribution of mounds, plazas, and defensive palisades associated with Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (CMSHS) defines the core urban environment Eastern North America’s first American Indian city. large mounds surrounding Cahokia’s centrally located Grand Plaza, including that enclose them, are referred to as Downtown Cahokia. In this portion site, archaeologists have identified materi...

Many urban areas and states are facing an increase in population density and the industrial base, creating traffic congestion and jams at toll plazas on major highways during rush hours. This article provides a detailed study and analysis of the performance evaluation of a toll plaza using discrete event simulation modeling. Under a given time-dependent traffic flow and a set of specified model...

In his book Gaibu kūkan no kōsei (Exterior Space in Architecture), Yoshinobu Ashihara criticized modern architecture and urban planning, searched for ways to realize plazas suitable humans. This study analyzes shows how designed the Komazawa Park Gymnasium — wrestling venue 1964 Tokyo Olympics, Central Plaza. doing so, it focuses on Gymnasium’s distinctive hyperbolic paraboloid shell. Concurren...