A successful urban planning and design solution ought to present a comfortable setting for its pedestrians inside urban canyons, because it is fundamental to encourage a good quality urban life and promote health and wellbeing of humans. Recent findings have demonstrated that microclimate inside urban canyons has substantial influence upon the outdoor thermal comfort at the street level .This s...

This paper addresses the problem of modeling and simulating RF-signals captured by receivers of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in urban canyons. The presence of tall buildings in urban canyons often block lines of sight between receivers and GNSS satellites, and therefore signals reach the receivers indirectly, after bouncing off buildings. These multi-path and echo-only effects are...

with the wind permanent flow in the cities, obtaining the minimal pollution in the environment is accessible. different policies have been considered for optimization of cities such as attachment and or reduction of building parts like air-traps, ceiling forms and so on. due to population growth in cities and the increasing need for resettlement these people in the cities, inevitably, to the hi...

Dense urban areas restrict air movement, causing airflow in urban street canyons to be much lower than the flow above buildings. Boosting near-ground wind speed can enhance thermal comfort in warm climates by increasing skin convective heat transfer. We explored the potential of a wind catcher to direct atmospheric wind into urban street canyons. We arranged scaled-down models of buildings with...

Numerous urban field observations have been devoted to understanding the characteristics of flow and turbulence in urban street canyons. However, cities comprise complex road networks incorporating not just idealised street canyons, but realistic geometries including intersections. Street intersections are a second basic element of urban geometry that are critical in dispersion processes. They ...

This research evaluates the quality of GPS signals and their usability for localization in urban environments using GPS data collected in urban canyons. GPS signals collected on a Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform in urban canyons in downtown Athens, Ohio and Columbus, Ohio are processed using a deeply integrated GPS/INS scheme. This deep integration architecture allows for coherent signal ...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is unreliable in dense urban areas, known as urban canyons, which have tall buildings or narrow streets. This is because the buildings block the signals from many of the satellites. Combining GPS with other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) significantly increases the availability of direct line-of-sight signals. Modelling is used to demonstrate that...

Limited availability of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals in urban canyons is a preventive factor for implementing many position-based systems. Specifically for vehicles, a variety of applications such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), navigation, and Location-Based Services (LBS) are not properly functional in dense urban areas due to constrained visibility of th...

INTRODUCTION Current regulations for atmospheric particulate matter include PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration. Fine particulates (those below 1000 nm) are not included in the regulatory limits. These particles contribute significantly to particle number concentration (PNC), but little to particle mass concentration. It is widely hypothesised that number concentrations of fine particles are bett...

Urban heat island (UHI) effects can strengthen heat waves and air pollution episodes. In this study, the dampening impact of urban trees on the UHI during an extreme heat wave in the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area is examined by incorporating trees, soil, and grass into the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting model and an urban canopy model (WRF-UCM). By param...