feline herpesvirus 1 (fehv-1) and feline calicivirus (fcv), associated with upper respiratory tract disease, are highly prevalent in cats worldwide. with the aim of investigating the importance of fehv-1 in a population of cats, samples were taken in a hospital in ahvaz, south-west iran, between june 2007 and june 2008. oropharyngeal, nasal and ocular swabs were collected from 65 domestic cats,...

conclusions though antibiotics are rarely indicated, they are often still used to treat rtis. the resulting increase in bacterial resistance, the lack of treatment efficacy, and drug-related side effects all underscore the need for alternative strategies to manage recurrent rtis. this article uses a typical pediatric case study to review central issues in the diagnosis and management of recurre...

At the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and infected over 4 million people around the world. Individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an influenza-like illness and respiratory tract infections. We can categorize patients in three main groups: asymptomatic infected cases, patients with mild upper res...

background: the airway surfaces are one of the most common ways of entry of infectious agents. oral cavity associated lymphoid tissues are inductive site of humoral immune responses in inflammatory and infectious disorders of the upper respiratory tract. these lymphoid tissues play important roles in the induction of salivary iga. the impact of upper respiratory tract diseases on salivary iga p...

Background: The airway surfaces are one of the most common ways of entry of infectious agents. Oral cavity associated lymphoid tissues are inductive site of humoral immune responses in inflammatory and infectious disorders of the upper respiratory tract. These lymphoid tissues play important roles in the induction of salivary IgA. The impact of upper respiratory tract diseases on salivary IgA p...

respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised patients, especially those with defects in cell mediated immunity is associated with high morbidity and mortality. lymphocytopenia is an important factor associated with progression of upper to lower respiratory tract infection. the only licensed antiviral treatment for rsv available currently is ribavirin, although additional immunomod...

The following principles of appropriate antibiotic use for adults with nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections apply to immunocompetent adults without complicating comorbid conditions, such as chronic lung or heart disease. 1. The diagnosis of nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection or acute rhinopharyngitis should be used to denote an acute infection that is typically viral in ori...

Upper respiratory tract diseases in athletes are a very common medical problem. Training conditions in different sports disciplines increase the risk of upper respiratory disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy acute or chronic exercise is related to an increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in athletes. Regular physical exercise at high intensity may lead to tr...