traditional calligraphy is known as one of the most valuable islamic arts which always contains unknown parts. one of these parts is uncommon and unknown scripts of manuscripts. in iran, given to the valuation of writing and manuscript as well as the presence of various art schools in different islamic centuries, many manuscripts have been written and collected which now many of these works are...

In this manuscript, we introduce  a new class of fuzzy problems, namely ``fuzzy inclusion linear systems" and   propose a fuzzy solution set for it. Then, we present a theoretical discussion about the relationship between  the fuzzy solution set of a  fuzzy inclusion linear system and the algebraic solution of a fuzzy linear system. New necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for obtain...

The Voynich Manuscript is an undeciphered document from medieval Europe. We present current knowledge about the manuscript’s text through a series of questions about its linguistic properties.

The statistical properties of letters frequencies in European literature texts are investigated. The determination of logarithmic dependence of letters sequence for one-language and twolanguage texts are examined. The pare of languages is suggested for Voynich Manuscript. The internal structure of Manuscript is considered. The spectral portraits of two-letters distribution are constructed.

The Voynich Manuscript is a medieval book written in an unknown script. This paper studies the distribution of similarly spelled words in the Voynich Manuscript. It shows that the distribution of words within the manuscript is not compatible with natural languages.

The Voynich manuscript is a medieval book written in an unknown script. This paper studies the relation between similarly spelled words in the Voynich manuscript. By means of a detailed analysis of similar spelled words it was possible to reveal the text generation method used for the Voynich manuscript.

The Voynich manuscript (VMS) is the book dated as 15 th-16 th century, written using specific and smart coding methods. This article describes the methods how it was analyzed and how coding keys were found. It is also shows the VMS author's method of coding.