This paper represents the summary of the anorectal pathology in patients who have special conditions or are in certain age. Author offers his experience in handling the proctological entities in children, elderly, pregnant women, and patients with haemorrhoids who have inflammatory bowel conditions, malignancy or are HIV positive. These patients reqire special approach and are not seen every da...

Decision theory addresses the task of choosing an action; it provides robust decision-making criteria that support decision-making under conditions of uncertainty or risk. Decision theory has been applied to produce reinforcement learning algorithms that manage uncertainty in state-transitions. However, performance when there is uncertainty regarding the selection of future actions must also be...

The Methodius Natural Language Generation systems generates personalized descriptions of objects from a collection. As part of the user modeling component, it creates comparisons between the current object being viewed and previous objects from the user history. We present our general algorithm for choosing the best comparison, which can be optimized to give the best result for different domain...