sixty-year history of town and country planning in the world, raised a fundamental question: why following the successful models in the process of town and country planning don’t have always similar results? whether, the origin of differences and ambiguities are not in the boundaries, interrelation among the levels of decision making, policy making, uncontrollable democracy in land ownership, i...

The question of land in Zimbabwe has always been political and gendered. Whereas land reform was necessary in the context of highly unequal land ownership patterns and poverty, this paper shows that the Fast Track Land Reform Programme diminished opportunities or spaces for women to be empowered and shrunk the democratic spaces for genuine participation of women in the development process by de...

This paper examines the institutional characteristics of UK Employee Share Ownership Plans (ESOPs) and considers the extent to which ESOPs extend employee participation and industrial democracy. It is suggested that ESOPs in themselves do not extend industrial democracy. Instead patterns of employee participation are substantially determined by the goals of those primarily responsible for estab...

In recent decades, many countries have adopted, to various degrees, the ideologies of commercial and republican liberalism. One salient aspect of the spread of commercial liberalism in the world has been the growth in international trade. The spread of republican liberalism has manifested itself by the rise in the level of democracy in countries over time. What are the implications of trade and...

The purposeof this studywas to Analyzing factors that effecting on rangeland degradation. Statistical population of this research consisted of whole farmer in Pirtaj district (N= 1600); from that 120 farmer were selected as sample using cluster sampling. The main tool to collect data was a researcher made questionnaire that Content validity of the questionnaire was approved, by a panel of exper...

the purposeof this studywas to analyzing factors that effecting on rangeland degradation. statistical population of this research consisted of whole farmer in pirtaj district (n= 1600); from that 120 farmer were selected as sample using cluster sampling. the main tool to collect data was a researcher made questionnaire that content validity of the questionnaire was approved, by a panel of exper...

The purposeof this studywas to Analyzing factors that effecting on rangeland degradation. Statistical population of this research consisted of whole farmer in Pirtaj district (N= 1600); from that 120 farmer were selected as sample using cluster sampling. The main tool to collect data was a researcher made questionnaire that Content validity of the questionnaire was approved, by a panel of exper...

In recent years, the call for strong and clear property rights has grown in law and development circles. In the landmark book The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, de Soto put forth the claim that “strong and clear” property rights, formalized rather than informal, are necessary for economic efficiency and for the protection of the poor, who occu...

The research analyzed the land tenure system among rice farmers in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty (240) farmers were sampled by a multi stage sampling procedure and used as respondents for the study. Well-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. The main means of data analysis were percentages and correlation. Findings revealed that 4...