In this study, fuzzy logic was implemented to formulate the fuzziness of layer boundaries for a two-layered clay soil. A field of two-layered clay with fuzzy boundaries between layers was generated, and then the bearing capacity of strip footing on this field was calculated by the assumption of plane-strain conditions. The Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion was used and bearing capacity calculation...

Particles with nanometer dimensions (nanoparticles) are all around us. The finest particles of sand are blown by the wind over thousands of kilometers. The finest particles of soils are either eroded by the wind in extremely dry conditions or by water under wet conditions and deposited hundreds of kilometers or more from the origin. The air contains nanoparticles of carbon, ice, and oxides and ...

Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets obtained by exfoliating inorganic layered crystals have emerged as a new class of materials with unique attributes. One of the critical challenges is to develop robust and versatile methods for creating new nanostructures from these 2D-nanosheets. Here we report the delamination of layered materials that belonging to two different classes--the cationic clay, mont...

Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites belong to a new class of hybrid materials consisting of organic-synthetic polymer matrix and inorganic filler-layered structure clay minerals. The paper presents the results of FTIR, NMR, and SAXS studies of poly(ε-caprolactone)/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites. We observed a correlation between the concentration of poly(ε-caprolactone) in nanocompos...

this review reports recent advances in the field of polymer–layered silicate nano composites. thesematerials have attracted both academic and industrial attention because they exhibit dramaticimprovement in properties at very low filler contents. herein, the structure, preparation andproperties of polymer–layered silicate nanocomposites are discussed in general, and finally the effectof clay na...

Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellul...

Hybrids of the model BSA protein and layered silicate clay with d spacing of approximately 62 A were prepared from either direct or stepwise intercalation. The pristine montmorilloinite (Na+-MMT) was first modified by poly(oxyalkylene)-amine salts (POP- and POE-amine) of 2000 g/mol Mw to a gallery-expanded silicate (d spacing=53 and 18 A, respectively), which became accessible for BSA protein e...

Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and date wood fiber were prepared after modification of the host matrix by reactive extrusion grafting of maleic anhydride. Chemical and mechanical treatment of date wood flour (WF) was conducted to obtain nanocrystalline cellulose. Layered silicates (clay) were partially intercalated with date wood fiber, and the modified layered silicate was use...

Simulated through a 3D grid storing the density of clay in each cell (0 for an empty cell, and 1 for a full cell). The surface is defined as the iso-surface at 0.5 of clay density. Clay behavior is captured by a layered model ensuring 3 properties: Large scale deformations (fig.1) Mass conservation by pouring the excess of matter in neighbouring cells (fig.2) Surface tension for preventing the ...