introduction:cold dissection (cd) and bipolar cautery dissection (bcd) techniques are two common surgical tonsillectomy procedures used in the clinic. obstruction has become more prevalent as the major surgical indication and is most prominently observed in younger children.case report:  in this report, we aimed to explain the abovementioned surgical techniques in detail and compare the results...

sheep conjoined twins have been reported less than cow. an apparently female conjoined twin lambs was examined based on external and internal features. in radiology, two vertebral columns and two pairs of the ribs were seen. only two heads and two necks were separated (thoraco-omphalopygopagus). there were three forelimbs (tribrachius), one of which grew on dorsal region as a notomelus.  teat b...

Conjoined twins are derived from the division of a single fertilized ovum; a phenomenon accompanied with multiple congenital anomalies. Such twins are identical, of the same sex, and more likely to be female. Most twins die during the embryonic period, and only 18% survive longer than 24 hours. There are complex anomalies in thoraco-omphalopagus twins that makes them unlikely to live long enoug...

Twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels with high manganese percentage (17-35%), are mostly used in automotive bodies. Their microstructure at room temperature is austenitic, and due to the low stacking fault energy, major deformation mechanism in them is twinning inside austenite grains which leads to enhanced mechanical strength in the steel. Due to the important effect of heat treatment pr...

Since identical twins occur as a result of the division of one egg, they have the same genetic structure. Therefore, their phenotypes and sex are also always the same. However, due to the effect of environmental factors, some of the characteristics of twins living in different regions appear to develop differently. In our case of 17-year-old maternal twins, we emphasized that nasal pathologies ...

monozygotic twins are genetically identical individuals who can also be mirror image twins and the differences between them result from environmental factors. current study, monozygotic twins were analyzed in different dentitions of primary, mixed and permanent. as a conclusion, although genetic factors are naturally potent, environmental factors’ role can be increased and weaken the genetic fa...

background: monozygotic monochorionic triplet pregnancy with conjoined twins is a very rare condition and is associated with many complications. case: in this study, we describe a monochorionic–diamniotic triplet pregnancy after in vitro fertilization with an intracytoplasmic sperm injection. at a gestational age of 6 weeks and 4 days of pregnancy one gestational sac was observed, and at a gest...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Several risk factors contribute to periodontal diseases. Studying twins has helped increase our knowledge on the roles of genetic and environmental factors in periodontal diseases. The objective of this study was the evaluation of periodontal parameters in the twins of Khorasan Province, Iran. METHODS:...