Tungsten-alloy has carcinogenic potential as demonstrated by cancer development in rats with intramuscular implanted tungsten-alloy pellets. This suggests a potential involvement of epigenetic events previously implicated as environmental triggers of cancer. Here, we tested metal induced cytotoxicity and epigenetic modifications including H3 acetylation, H3-Ser10 phosphorylation and H3-K4 trime...

Ferrous metals include cast iron, steel, and the various steel alloys, The only difference between iron and steel is the carbon content. Cast iron contains more than 2-percent carbon, while steel contains less than 2 percent. An alloy is a substance composed of two or more elements. Therefore, all steels are an alloy of iron and carbon, but the term “alloy steel” normally refers to a steel that...

There is increasing evidence that metals have a role in the etiology of diverse neurological diseases. This study used PC12 cells as an in vitro model to examine the toxicity of tungsten alloys that have important military applications. Initially, the relative concentrations of tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) mobilized from pellets of a weapons-grade tungsten alloy incubated in physi...

A two-stage sintering practice was applied to W­3.99Ni­1.71Fe (mass%) to control its microstructural evolution and, accordingly, mechanical properties under high strain rates. Unlike the traditional one-stage liquid phase sintering, the alloy was first solid-state-sintered to close to full densification, and then liquid-phase-sintered by induction heating where the cooling rate was fast. With t...

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at establishing the temperature distribution during the welding of magnesium alloy sheets by Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (PCGTAW) and Constant Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (CCGTAW) processes. Pulsing of the GTAW welding current influences the dimensions and solidification rate of the fused zone, it also reduces the weld pool volum...

The present research concerns an electrodeposited cobalt-tungsten alloy coating on graphite fibers. Annealed and unannealed coated fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mole fraction of tungsten in the as-deposited cobalt-tungsten coating was found to be (7.10 ...

Tungsten-based materials have been proposed as replacements for depleted uranium in armor-penetrating munitions and for lead in small-arms ammunition. A recent report demonstrated that a military-grade composition of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt induced a highly-aggressive, metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma when implanted into the leg muscle of laboratory rats to simulate a shrapnel wound. The early ...

Ethopropazine hydrochloride (EPH) has been proposed as a sensitive reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of tungsten(VI). The method is based on the formation of a chloroform-soluble yellow-colored ternary complex by the interaction of EPH and thiocyanate with tungsten(V). The complex exhibits the absorption maximum at 404 nm with Sandell's sensitivity value of 20.03 ng cm-2. The com...

Friction stir welding and tungsten inert gas welding techniques were employed to weld armor grade aluminum alloy to investigate the effect of welding processes on tensile behavior of weld joints. Tensile tests, Vicker microhardness tests and optical microscopy were performed on developed weld joints and base metal. Welding process influenced tensile behavior and microstructure of weld joints. F...

The dynamic thermomechanical response of a tungsten heavy alloy is investigated via modeling and numerical simulation. The material of study consists of relatively stiff pure tungsten grains embedded within a more ductile matrix alloy comprised of tungsten, nickel, and iron. Constitutive models implemented for each phase account for finite deformation, heat conduction, plastic anisotropy, strai...