Introduction Peer assessment is utilized extensively in digital learning, and many studies have examined the positive influences of online peer assessment on learning (eg, Tseng & Tsai, 2007). However, other studies indicate that this type of activity has negative influences. For example, students may question the fairness of an assessment or disagree with others’ assessments (eg, Kaufman & Sch...

Word bigram models estimated from text corpora require smoothing methods to estimate the probabilities of unseen bigrams. The deleted estimation method uses the formula: Pr(i j j) = fi + (1 )fijj ; where fi and fijj are the relative frequency of i and the conditional relative frequency of i given j, respectively, and is an optimized parameter. MacKay (1994) proposes a Bayesian approach using Di...

Auctions. Katok gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation. The authors also thank Diana Wu for her assistance in completing the experiments and performing initial data analysis. We investigate the role of timing in ascending auctions under the premise that time is a valuable resource. Traditional models of the English auction ignore timing issues by assuming that th...

The finite element analysis is adopted in this primary study. Using the Tsai-Wu criterion and delamination criterion, the stacking sequence [45/04/−454/904]s is the final optimal design for the wheelchair frame. On the contrary, the uni-directional laminates, i.e. [9013]s, [4513]s and [−4513]s, are bad designs due to the higher failure indexes. Keywords—Wheelchair frame, stacking sequence, fail...

The effect of grain angle (GA) on shear strength of Douglasfi r has been evaluated. Shear block specimens with a GA varying from 0 to 90 ° was loaded in the shear plane, resulting in failure mode transitioning from parallel to grain shear to rolling shear. As expected, shear strength decreased as the GA increased from 0 ° to 90 ° . A root-mean-square equation was found to be suitable to predict...

Tsai and Chan (2003) has recently introduced the Continuous-time AutoRegressive Fractionally Integrated Moving-Average (CARFIMA) models useful for studying long-memory data. We consider the estimation of the CARFIMA models with discrete-time data by maximizing the Whittle likelihood. We show that the quasimaximum likelihood estimator is asymptotically normal and efficient. Finite-sample propert...

BACKGROUND Biaxial (BX) and triaxial (TX) composite laminates with ±45° angled plies have been widely used in wind turbine blades. As the scale of blades increases, BX and TX laminates with shallow-angled plies (i.e. off-axis ply angle <45°) might be utilized for reducing mass and/or improving performance. The compressive properties of shallow-angled BX and TX laminates are critical considering...