The design and optimization of a natural gas to hydrocarbon liquids (GTL) process is considered, mainly from the view of maximizing the variable income during operation. Autothermal reforming (ATR) is used for synthesis gas production. The kinetic model for Fischer Tropsch (FT) reactions is the one given by Iglesia et al. for a cobalt-based FT reactor. For the product distribution, three altern...

Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a process in which synthesis gas (CO/H2) is catalytically converted into hydrocarbons and oxygenates via surface polymerizations. With this process, clean liquid fuels can be made from abundant natural gas reserves and renewable biomass sources, after first being converted to synthesis gas. In the last several decades, FT synthesis has attracted renewed attenti...

Fischer-Tropsch(FT) reaction involves the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons typically by group VIII metals [1]. Cobalt is one of the first metals used as FT catalyst and is typically mixed with Mn to promote carbon monoxide conversion to more valuable higher (C5+) hydrocarbons and olefins. The properties of metal catalysts can be controlled by fine-tuning chemical composition, su...

support vector regression (svr) is a learning method based on the support vector machine (svm) that can be used for curve fitting and function estimation. in this paper, the ability of the nu-svr to predict the catalytic activity of the fischer-tropsch (ft) reaction is evaluated and the result is compared with two other prediction techniques including: multilayer perceptron (mlp) and subtractiv...

kinetic modeling is an important issue, whose objective is the accurate determination of the rates of various reactions taking place in a reacting system. this issue is a pivotal element in the process design and development particularly for novel processes which are based on reactions taking place between various types of species. the fischer tropsch (ft) reactions have been used as the kineti...

Microkinetics simulations are presented based on DFT-determined elementary reaction steps of the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction. The formation of long-chain hydrocarbons occurs on stepped Ru surfaces with CH as the inserting monomer, whereas planar Ru only produces methane because of slow CO activation. By varying the metal-carbon and metal-oxygen interaction energy, three reactivity regimes are...

Fischer–Tropsch technology has gathered renewed interest in the energy industry in recent times for synthesis of diesel and gasoline. The synthesis of linear hydrocarbon diesel fuel (having high cetane number) through Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction requires syngas with high H2/CO molar ratio. Producer gas obtained from biomass gasification has low H2/CO ratios, with significant conten...

There is a world-wide demand for clean, reliable and affordable energy. New technologies are needed to produce more oil and natural gas from ‘stranded’ locations. This work is based on gas to liquid (GTL) conversion of natural gas through Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Fe & Co based catalysts of varying compositions were prepared in the laboratory and its performance was checked for the FT rea...

The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts mixture carbon monoxide and hydrogen, known as syngas, into liquid hydrocarbons. These occur in the presence metal catalysts, typically at temperatures 150–300°C (302–572°F) pressures one to several tens atmospheres. an important reaction both coal liquefaction gas liquids technology for producing In usual implement...

The United States has the world s largest coal reserves and Montana the highest potential for mega-mine development. Consequently, a large-scale effort to convert coal to liquids (CTL) has been proposed to create a major source of domestic transportation fuels from coal, and some prominent Montanans want to be at the center of that effort. We calculate that the energy efficiency of the best exi...