the parafascicular nucleus (pfn) of thalamus, as a supraspinal structure, has an important role in processing of nociceptive information. in addition, μ-opioid receptor contributes to supraspinal modulation of nociception. in the present study, the effects of microinjection of naloxone (a non-specific opioid-receptor antagonist) and naloxonazine (a specific μ-opioid receptor antagonist) were in...

the purported mechanism underlying the development and progression of cervicogenic headache (ceh) is the convergence of sensory inputs at the trigeminocervical nucleus. this mechanism explains the radiation of pain from the neck or the occipitonuchal area and its spread to the oculo-fronto-temporal region; it also explains the recurrent headaches caused by improper neck postures or external pre...

We describe a 73-year-old patient who presented with marked hemifacial swelling secondary to herpes zoster. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hyperintensity of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. In case here, stimulation nucleus owing zoster can cause vasodilation facial skin.

Horseradish peroxidase histochemical studies of afferent and efferent projections of the trigeminal nerve in two species of chondrostean fishes revealed medial, descending and ascending projections. Entering fibers of the trigeminal sensory root project medially to terminate in the medial trigeminal nucleus, located along the medial wall of the rostral medulla. Other entering sensory fibers tur...

A 69-year-old woman developed acute pain in the left trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerve distributions. MR imaging demonstrated a left lateral medullary infarction (LMI) involving the left spinotrigeminal nucleus and tract, nucleus ambiguus, and solitary nucleus. Most patients presenting with trigeminal neuralgia will have disease involving the trigeminal nerve or ganglion or the primary sens...

increase of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamKII) in rat spinal trigeminal nucleus after systemic nitroglycerin, Cephalalgia 27, 46-53. Cox-2 inhibitor attenuates NO-induced nNOS in rat caudal trigeminal nucleus, Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 attenuates nitroglycerin-induced calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha in rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis, Neurosci Lett.

increase of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamKII) in rat spinal trigeminal nucleus after systemic nitroglycerin, Cephalalgia 27, 46-53. Cox-2 inhibitor attenuates NO-induced nNOS in rat caudal trigeminal nucleus, Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 attenuates nitroglycerin-induced calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha in rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis, Neurosci Lett.

The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemical technique was used to examine the peripheral distribution and afferent projections of the trigeminal nerve in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve distribute over the head via four branches. The ophthalmic branch distributes fibers to the region above the eye and naris. The maxillary and mandibular branches innerv...

Previous neurophysiological studies have demonstrated that the amygdala has a direct influence upon trigeminal motoneuron activity. The existence of a direct amygdalotrigeminal pathway in rats was proved by anterograde tracing with the neuroanatomical tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). After ipsilateral BDA application to the central nucleus of the amygdala (AmCe), widespread ipsilateral...