background: regarding to the significant of the possibility of the malaria epidemic and nuisance of mosquitoes dur­ing the active season, the fauna and some ecological activities of mosquitoes in related to tree holes were investi­gated from april to december 2009 in neka county of mazandaran province, northern iran. methods: larval collection was carried out from natural, artificial breeding p...

Arthropod communities in water-filled tree holes may be sensitive to impacts of forest management, for example via changes in environmental conditions such as resource input. We hypothesized that increasing forest management intensity (ForMI) negatively affects arthropod abundance and richness and shifts community composition and trophic structure of tree hole communities. We predicted that thi...

BACKGROUND Regarding to the significant of the possibility of the malaria epidemic and nuisance of mosquitoes during the active season, the fauna and some ecological activities of mosquitoes in related to tree holes were investigated from April to December 2009 in Neka county of Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. METHODS Larval collection was carried out from natural, artificial breeding pla...

The fourth instar larva and pupa of Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz, 1913 are described, illustrated, and photomicrographed from material collected in tree-holes of Salix sp. in Entre Rios Province, Argentina by using binocular, phase-contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. Measurements of instars I–IV are also presented. The larva shows features typical to carnivorous-predatory larvae, as wel...

The pupae of Culicoides exspectator Clastrier, C. kobae Cornet & Chateau. C. micheli Cornet & Chateau, C. olyslageri Kremer & Nevill. C. ravus De Meillon and C. (Synhelea) tropicalis Kieffer are described and illustrated for the first time, and the pupa of C. similis Carter, Ingram & Macfie is redescribed. All seven species belong to the Similis supergroup; the immature stages of six are found ...

The intensity and prevalence of parasitism by Ascogregarina barretti (Vavra) in Aedes triseriatus (Say) did not differ between tires and tree holes in field samples taken in September 1996. There was significant variation in the intensity of parasitism among containers that was not significantly correlated with the pH, conductivity, or temperature of the container water. In an experiment manipu...

Tree holes are produced due to environmental factors as well biotic pressure.  It is a unique habitat for insect breeding and survival. Water-filled tree-holes or their analogs natural microcosms because of relative simplicity in structure, small size, discrete boundaries, naturally replicated nature.  The present investigation was carried out with aim the ecology tree from different ...

Please cite this article in press as: Lutermann grey mouse lemurs, Animal Behaviour (2010 Animals spend a substantial proportion of their lives resting and consequently the choice of a sleeping site can dramatically affect an individual's fitness. Sleeping sites have been implicated in predator defence and thermoregulation and their distribution can affect breeding and social systems in small m...