objective: bullying and peer victimization in school are serious concerns for students, parents, psychologists, and school officials around the world. this descriptive study examined bullying/victimization among iranian students and the relationship between bullying and trauma symptoms. methods: this study was a cross-sectional research and descriptive correlative study. descriptive statistics ...

abstract background: the aim of this study was to standardize and assign validity and reliability of the trauma symptom checklist for children (tscc-a). methods: normative data for the tscc-a were based on 3042 students participating in a prevalence child abuse study in 19 different locations of tehran and 140 participants who had been refered to the run-away children centers in tehran. after t...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of play therapy combined with a traumatic cognitive-behavioral approach on the symptoms of trauma and the feeling of loneliness of the victims of sexual abuse. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all sexually-abused Afghan girls...

The purpose of this study was to test if perceived social support and self-compassion will interact reduce the magnitude bivariate relationship (buffering effect) between cumulative trauma symptoms after controlling for gender age among college students. As part a broader research project conducted 2018 2019, we collected data via online surveys from sample 551 undergraduate students at public ...

Objective: Bullying and peer victimization in school are serious concerns for students, parents, psychologists, and school officials around the world. This descriptive study examined bullying/victimization among Iranian students and the relationship between bullying and trauma symptoms. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research and descriptive correlative study. Descriptive statisti...

Betrayal trauma, or trauma perpetrated by someone with whom a victim is close, is strongly associated with a range of negative psychological and physical health outcomes. However, few studies have examined associations between different forms of trauma and emotional and physical symptoms. The present study compared betrayal trauma to other forms of trauma as predictors of young adults' psycholo...

Advocates of the concept of secondary traumatization propose that clinicians who provide trauma-focused treatment may be particularly at risk for experiencing secondary trauma symptoms. This specific symptom presentation purportedly develops following exposure to the traumatic experiences described by their clients. Consequently, these professionals have advocated for increases in resources dev...