in recent years, different damage indexes have been introduced in engineering literature. the most prominent one among other counterparts is the 1985 park and ang's damage index (dipa), which demonstrates well calibration against experimental results. hence, it has traditionally had broad application in the field of structural engineering. commonly, in dipa relevant parameters are assessed...

Flanged shear walls are used extensively in moderate- and high-rise buildings to resist lateral loads induced by earthquakes. The seismic performance of many buildings is, therefore, closely linked to the behavior of the reinforced concrete walls. They must be carefully designed to provide not only adequate strength, but also sufficient ductility to avoid brittle failure under strong lateral lo...

The strength and ductility of concrete improve under multi-axial compressive stress due to confinement effect. Some parameters are effective for considering the confinement in concrete and various stress-strain models were developed by different researchers. Longitudinal and transverse reinforcement steels can influence on confinement in reinforced concrete members. In this paper, various stres...

We recently analyzed a new class of laser amplifier based on transverse Bragg reflection. We show that the unique properties of Bragg confinement make it possible through modal loss discrimination to achieve single-transverse-mode operation with transverse modal size that is an order of magnitude larger than in lasers that depend on total internal reflection for transverse confinement.

Deep inelastic lepton-hadron scattering has played a fundamental role in the investigation of hadron structure. For example, the discovery of Bjorken scaling confirmed the existence of point-like charged objects inside the nucleon (quarks). Besides such fundamental discoveries, deep inelastic scattering (DIS) revealed surprising and interesting details about the structure of nucleons and nuclei...

Previous results for the pair production probability in a strong electric field with a finite longitudinal separation are generalized to the case of a finitelength flux tube with transverse confinement. The threshold length of the flux tube, below which pair production cannot occur, increases as a result of transverse confinement. Typeset using REVTEX 1

Addition of steel fibers to high strength concrete (HSC) improves its post-peak behavior and energy absorbing capability, which can be described well in term of toughness. This paper attempts to obtain both analytically and experimentally the efficiency of steel fibers in HSC columns with hybrid confinement of transverse reinforcement and steel fibers. Toughness ratio (TR) to quantify the confi...