the drug pump protein mrp2 is a membrane drug efflux transporter widely distributed in normal and tumor tissues. its role is thought to be crucial for the disposition of many drugs and their substrates in different tissues. in this study, we aimed to examine the effects of systematic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps) on the expression and function of this transporter in rats. jug...

Objective(s): Glutamate is the most widespread neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and has several functions as a neuromodulator in the brain although in pathological conditions like ischemia it is excessively released causing cell death. Under physiological conditions, glutamate is rapidly scavenged from the synaptic cleft by excitatory amino-acid transport...

objective(s): abc transporters comprise a large family of transmembrane proteins that use the energy provided by atp hydrolysis to translocate a variety of substrates across biological membranes. all members of the human abcg subfamily, except for abcg2, are cholesterol-transporter. the aim of this study was to determine the liver, the small intestine and kidney abcg5 relative gene expression i...

several transporters appear to be important in transporting various drugs. many patients, who receive morphine as analgesic medication, also receive other medications with potency of changing morphine transport by affecting p-glycoprotein (p-gp) and oatp2 transport system. this could influence morphine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. the aim of present study was to elucidate the transpor...

As the primary energy source for a plant host and microbe to sustain life, sugar is generally exported by Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) extracellular spaces or apoplast. There, microbes compete hexose, sucrose, other important nutrients. The microbial monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) sucrose (SUTs) play key role in “evolutionary arms race”. result of this competitio...

Ammonia is considered the main pathogenic toxin in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, molecular mechanisms involved have been disputed. As altered glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission has reported HE, we investigated whether four members of solute carrier 38 (Slc38) family amino acid transporters-involved replenishment glutamate GABA-contribute to ammonia neurotoxicity HE. We show t...

The SLC22 family of transporters is mostly composed non-selective transporters, which are expressed highly in liver, kidney and intestine, playing a major role drug disposition. may be divided into three subfamilies based on the nature substrate transported: organic cations (OCTs), anions (OATs) zwiterrion/cations (OCTN). Membrane topology predicted to contain 12 TM domains with intracellular t...