Transovarial transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi in colonies of Leptotrombidium palpale was studied in the parent and F1 and F2 generations. Both transovarial transmission and filial infection rates were 100% in the parent and F1 generations of Leptotrombidium palpale. The filial infection rate in the F1 generation was 100%, but it declined to 94.3% in the F2 progeny. The sex ratio of the F1...

The majority of plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors between hosts, and transovarial transmission of viruses from vector parents to offspring has great significance to their epidemiology. Begomoviruses are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in a circulative manner and are maintained through a plant-insect-plant cycle. Other routes of begomovirus transmission are not clearly k...

introduction: spirochetes of borrelia can be visualized directly in infected ticks by dark-field microscopy. inoculation of in phosphate buffered saline (pbs) suspension of ground argasid soft ticks to susceptible animals or allowing the ticks to feed on the same species followed by microscopic examination of the animals’ blood have also been practiced. with the advent of molecular methods and ...

The transovarial transmission of dengue virus in field populations of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus was monitored in an urbanized residential area in Malaysia. The mosquito larval populations were monitored using standard ovitraps and the larvae retrieved were subjected to dengue virus isolation by culturing in C6/36 cells and detected by peroxidase anti peroxidase staining. Data on serologi...

Most plant viruses are transmitted by hemipteroid insects. Some viruses can be transmitted from female parent to offspring usually through eggs, but the mechanism of this transovarial transmission remains unclear. Rice stripe virus (RSV), a Tenuivirus, transmitted mainly by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), is also spread to the offspring through the eggs. Here, we used the ...

The epizootiology, transmission dynamics, and survival strategies employed by two mosquito-parasitic microsporidia that utilize copepods as intermediate hosts are examined in relation to the biological attributes of their hosts and the environments in which they inhabit. Amblyospora connecticus Andreadis, 1988, a parasite of Ochlerotatus cantator (Coquillett) and Acanthocyclops vernalis (Fische...

BACKGROUND Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the Francisella tularensis, a highly infectious Gram-negative coccobacillus. Due to easy dissemination, multiple routes of infection, high environmental contamination and morbidity and mortality rates, Francisella is considered a potential bioterrorism threat and classified as a category A select agent by the CDC. Tick bites are among the most preval...

Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae), the major vector of La Crosse (LAC) virus, efficiently transmits LAC virus both horizontally and transovarially. We compared the vector competence and transovarial transmission ability of Ae. triseriatus, Aedes albopictus Skuse, and Aedes aegypti (L.) for LAC virus. Ae. triseriatus and Ae. albopictus were significantly more susceptible to oral infec...

Most plant viruses are transmitted by hemipteroid insects. Some viruses can be transmitted from female parent to offspring usually through eggs, but the mechanism of this transovarial transmission remains unclear. Rice stripe virus (RSV), a Tenuivirus, transmitted mainly by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), is also spread to the offspring through the eggs. Here, we used the ...

Amblyospora (Microsporida: Amblyosporidae) and Coelomomyces (Chytridiomycetes: Blastocladiales) have independently evolved a diverse array of unique and highly specialized mechanisms that have allowed them to more fully exploit their mosquito hosts and the aquatic environment that their hosts inhabit. Amblyospora and Coelomomyces both have complex life cycles that include obligatory development...