introduction and aims: until today human stomach is the only recognized habitat of h. pylori . however, recruitment of dna-based methods has made possible the detection of h. pylori in water and oral cavity, thus suggesting faecal-oral and oral-oral routes for transmission of h. pylori , respectively. in this study yeast has been proposed as a common vector for transmission of h. pylori . thus ...

introduction hepatitis b infection remains a major health problem worldwide and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. since it is transmitted parenterally, investigation of new cases of hepatitis b infections for potential routes of transmission plays a crucial role in controlling hepatitis b infection in the community. case presentation in this study, we reported a new case of hepa...

following the collapse of the soviet :union: and the discovery of gas and oil in central asia and caucasia, it faced complex interests in the international political economy. these problems were mainly rooted in developing plans of the countries for increasing their influence in the area and also in russia's connections with the iranian and turkish governments in the region. this paper inv...

I have a specific question about the HIV virus that a friend asked me; I want to make sure to give her the correct answer. She thinks that the virus can only be transmitted from bloodstream to bloodstream, that is, only infected blood in contact with another's blood can infect another person. I thought that the virus can also be absorbed through skin tissue ? body fluids can thus infect another...

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that has infected more than half of the world's population. This pathogen colonizes the human gastric mucosa and is usually acquired during childhood. It is an important cause of peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. Among the risk factors for acquisition of H. pylori infection, poor socioeconomic status, poor sanitizati...