One of the most important factors influencing the track maintenance is the transitions between parts of the track with different vertical stiffness. The dynamic...

Abstract Biogeographical transition zones are areas of overlap, replacement or partial segregation between different biotas, which sets taxa sharing similar geographical distributions as a result common evolutionary history and ecological affinities. Transition occur in few particular the world where historically contingent processes have allowed biotic elements to coexist interact. Evolutionar...

Architecturally, the Seljuqs' dominion makes a significant shift from the Pre-Islamic Sassanid squinches into a sophisticated transition mechanism employed to change the walls of a square chamber to an octagonal base to set a dome which this initiated a new construction methodology to hybridize the previous experiences of Sassanid domes with new architectural tendencies since the previous under...

Nerve roots have specialized transition zones that permit axon extension but limit cell movement between the CNS and PNS. Boundary cap cells prevent motor neuron soma from following their axons into the periphery, thereby contributing to a selective barrier. Transition zones also restrict movement of glial cells. Consequently, axons that cross the CNS-PNS interface are insulated by central and ...

Biodiversity hotspots are areas of high priority for conservation (Reid 1998). They may be selected on the basis of their local species richness, degree of concentration of rare species (Prendergast et al. 1993) or the two measures combined with some assessment of urgency for conservation action (Myers et al. 2000). More targeted approaches identify " hotspots of complementarity " on the basis ...

PURPOSE To describe the rationale behind elliptical and other transition designs used with the excimer laser. SETTING Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA. METHODS Ablation zone designs were analyzed for the number of transition points for myopia and hyperopia. The advantages and disadvantages of elliptical transition zones are demonstrated graphical...

1. Peri-Urbanization 1.1. Drivers 1.2. Global Variants 1.3 What’s at Stake? 2. Peri-Urbanization in East Asia: Comparative Context 2.1. The Thai Model 2.2. The Philippine Model 3. Chinese Peri-Urbanization 3.1. Inter-Regional Variation 3.2. Dynamics of Chinese Peri-Urbanization 4. The Case of the Hangzhou–Ningbo Corridor 4.1. Key Characteristics 4.2. Emerging Outcomes 4.3. Peri-Urban Governance...

Accretion onto a compact object must occur through a disc when the material has some initial angular momentum. Thin discs and the thicker low radiative efficiency accretion flows (LRAFs) are solutions to this problem that have been widely studied and applied. This is an introduction to these accretion flows within the context of X-ray binaries and cataclysmic variables. Accretion describes the ...