One of transient phenomenon that causes the mal-operation of the power transformer differential protection during the energization of a loaded power transformer is the ultra-saturation phenomenon. In this paper, a new model for investigating the ultra-saturation phenomenon during the energization of a loaded power transformer is presented and its effect on the differential protection of the pow...

One of transient phenomenon that causes the mal-operation of the power transformer differential protection during the energization of a loaded power transformer is the ultra-saturation phenomenon. In this paper, a new model for investigating the ultra-saturation phenomenon during the energization of a loaded power transformer is presented and its effect on the differential protection of the pow...

In this paper, a new model based on the thevenin equivalent circuit for investigating the ultra-saturation phenomenon during the energization of a loaded power transformer is presented and its effect on the differential protection of the transformer is considered. The ultra-saturation phenomenon causes the mal-operation of the power transformer differential protection. So, the description a...

In this paper, a new model based on the thevenin equivalent circuit for investigating the ultra-saturation phenomenon during the energization of a loaded power transformer is presented and its effect on the differential protection of the transformer is considered. The ultra-saturation phenomenon causes the mal-operation of the power transformer differential protection. So, the description a...

The restricted earth fault (REF) relay is a type of differential protection which is used for detection of internal ground faults of power transformers. But, during external faults and transformer energization conditions, the probability of current transformer (CT) saturation increases. Thus, the spurious differential current due to CT saturation, can lead to REF relay maloperation. In this pap...

This thesis describes how to provide standardized, current based, differential protection for any three-phase power transformer, including phase-shifting transformers with variable phase angle shift and transformers of all construction types and internal on-load tap-changer configurations. The use of standard transformer differential protection for such applications is considered impossible in ...

Traditionally, the protection of power transformers has been relegated to the application of transformer differential and backup overcurrent relays to provide shortcircuit protection. With the advent of modern multifunction transformer packages, differential and overcurrent protection are only two of many protective and logic functions that can be incorporated into the transformer protection pa...