OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to review the literature of cervical transforaminal injections, resulting complications, and to suggest a safe technique. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed. Both the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for any article relating to cervical epidural injections, cervical transforaminal injections, and complications relatin...

conclusions the advantages of dsa in fluoroscopy-guided transforaminal epidural block and nerve block are identification of the degree of appropriate contrast flow (epidural and nerve root sleeve) and the intravascular administration without overlapping radiodense structures. introduction most pain physicians know that fluoroscopy might improve the safety, accuracy, and efficacy of nerve block;...

AIM Laboratory training models are essential for developing and refining treatment skills before the clinical application of surgical and invasive procedures. A simple simulation model is needed for young trainees to learn how to handle instruments, and to perform safe lumbar transforaminal epidural injections. Our aim is to present a model of a fresh cadaveric sheep lumbar spine that simulates...

This case report describes the successful treatment of chronic headache from intracranial hypotension with bilateral transforaminal (TF) lumbar epidural blood patches (EBPs). The patient is a 65-year-old male with chronic postural headaches. He had not had a headache-free day in more than 13 years. Conservative treatment and several interlaminar epidural blood patches were previously unsuccessf...

context lumbar central spinal stenosis is common and often results in chronic persistent pain and disability, which can lead to multiple interventions. after the failure of conservative treatment, either surgical or nonsurgical modalities such as epidural injections are contemplated in the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. evidence acquisition recent randomized trials, systematic reviews an...

Ra and Min (1) painstakingly have described the optimal angle of needle insertion for fluoroscopically guided transforaminal epidural injection of L5. Unfortunately, this potentially increases further complications related to lumbar transforaminal epidural injections with the safe triangle approach (2).Clearly, the literature undeniably shows that the safe triangle approach may not be safe and ...

Epidural spinal injections can be administered via a translaminar or transforaminal route, depending on the clinical scenario. When it is more desirable to target a specific nerve root, a transforaminal approach is typically used, and when the target is more diffuse, a translaminar method is chosen. Both are commonly used and can be utilized similarly in the lumbar or cervical spine. However, i...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transforaminal corticosteroid injections can be performed in the management of cervical radiculopathy but carry the risk of catastrophic complications. This study compares the efficacy of transforaminal and facet corticosteroid injections at 4 weeks' follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS We randomly assigned 56 subjects to receive CT-guided transforaminal (15 men, 13 women; ...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective radiographic analysis. OBJECTIVE To determine which lumbar interbody technique is most effective for restoring lordosis, increasing disk height, and reducing spondylolisthesis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Lumbar interbody fusions are performed in hopes of increasing fusion potential, correcting deformity, and indirectly decompressing nerve roots. No published study...

STUDY DESIGN A prospective, observational, human, in vivo study. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence of vascular penetration during fluoroscopically guided, contrast-enhanced, transforaminal lumbar epidural steroid injections (ESIs) and determine whether a "flash" (blood in the needle hub) or aspiration of blood can be used to predict a vascular injection. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Incorr...