There are numerous examples of energy policy failures (Heffron et al., 2018) which now being systematically studied to provide for much-needed policy-relevant perspectives into key definitions, contexts, and theoretical frameworks analysis (Sokołowski Heffron, 2022). This paper will focus on one the prominent an failure; case Turkey – Austria natural gas pipeline project,1 also known as Nabucco...

security of energy is the major concern of the world, especially the large industrial countries. countries of central asia and the caucasus are the most important countries in the field of energy resources and energy transfer. of the eight countries of central asia and the caucasus, azerbaijan, kazakhstan, turkmenistan and uzbekistan has in total 3.2 percent crude oil reserves and about 14 perc...

Here, we uncover the load and fault-tolerant backbones of the trans-European gas pipeline network. Combining topological data with information on intercountry flows, we estimate the global load of the network and its tolerance to failures. To do this, we apply two complementary methods generalized from the betweenness centrality and the maximum flow. We find that the gas pipeline network has gr...

To understand the impact of keeping Nord Stream 2 off map, we model European natural gas market from point view supply security. Focusing on network aspects, propose a novel framework to measure security, combining linear programming approach with risk assessment technique, expected shortfall (ES) borrowed finance, particularly suited extreme risk, such as failing pipelines. Shifting Russian ex...