importance of security and sense of peace is a one of the most important factors of urban environment. therefore, the necessity of security in urban spaces has caused the emergence of authentic theories like defensible spaces and crime prevention through environment design (cpted)*. in this paper, various literatures related to defensible space theories have been reviewed and the related keywor...

The present paper aims for the most part to prove the fact that religious and spiritual places and above all, mosques play major roles within Islamic urban areas. They are in fact the basis of civil infrastructures. A historical analysis focusing on where mosques stand in Islamic urban areas reveals that mosques have always been the center of development and growth and that they must be studied...

iranian traditional cities were created with a system based on experiments and gradual establishment of society through time. qajar era is especially important in iranian art history. until mid qajar era, iranian cities’s architecture mainly took benefit of its common traditional architecture that is already seen in most desert-surrounding cities. till this era, there was not any connection bet...

the present paper aims for the most part to prove the fact that religious and spiritual places and above all, mosques play major roles within islamic urban areas. they are in fact the basis of civil infrastructures. a historical analysis focusing on where mosques stand in islamic urban areas reveals that mosques have always been the center of development and growth and that they must be studied...

abstract man has a social life and during his life he establishes the most important social institution which is known as a family. this social institution, the family, evokes the architecture of a house. the formation of the house as a family behavioral setting is related to the social behavior, also culture and ethics of the members of the family. more than 90% of the buildings in most tradit...

Traditional European Architecture had marked a deep footprint to a number of Asian cities during the 19 Century as the pace of colonial expansion intensified. Cities such as Tianjin, Qingdao, Dalian, Shanghai, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Hong Kong or Singapore, still have a significant amount of traditional buildings remained inside the cities under an acceptable condition. The past twenty years have be...

This special issue on the role of traditional authorities in African cities highlights critical debates about governance and urban development a fast-urbanising continent. The six articles th...