in this study, an attempt has been made to expound the iranian law of intellectual property in relation to biotechnology. the most important themes studied are patents, industrial designs and trade marks. the latest relevant piece of legislation concerning the subject matters was passed in march 2008. however, the history of laws and regulations in this field goes back to early twentieth centur...

In the recent past, trade mark litigation has gradually increased in the High Court of Tanzania (HCT). This litigation includes disputes over registration of trade marks, applications for temporary injunctions, trade mark infringement, and passing-off. Although I have classified trade mark litigation into four distinct groups, more often they tend to overlap in practice. The analysis in this ar...

This paper uses a novel data set of the trade mark activity of UK manufacturing and service sector firms to investigate whether applications for trade marks are suggestive of product innovation, improving the profitability and productivity of firms. Data on both trade (and service) marks sought via the UK Patent Office (UKTM) and the European Community Office for Harmonisation of the Internal M...