background and objectives: clostridium perfringens is more prevalent type of clostridia genus isolated from the intestinal tract of ostrich ( struthio camelus ). necrotic enteritis (ne) is a potentially fatal gastrointestinal (gi) disease of poultry and other avian species, which produces marked destruction of intestinal lining in digestive tract caused by c. perfringens . pathogenicity and les...

background and objectives: staphylococcus aureus ( s. aureus ) nasal carriage may be responsible for some serious infections in hemodialyzed patients. the main target of this study was to estimate the prevalence of s. aureus nasal carriage in hemodialysis outpatients and medical staff in hemodialysis centers specifically in fez region. the second target is to identify the risks of colonization,...

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence and Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) genes in the Campylobacter isolates from intestinal contents and gall bladders of broilers and, to evalute their cytotoxic effects on HeLa cell cultures. These genes play important roles in bacterial adherence to intestinal mucosa, flagella-mediated motility, invasive capability and the ab...

Alternaria brown spot disease is caused by the alternata tangerine pathotype, which relies on ACT-toxin for infection. At present, all identified biosynthesis-related genes are multi-copy genes. In this study, we summarized advances in important host-specific toxins (HSTs), and listed key required pathogenicity of A. pathotype. Toxin virulence test results revealed that different citrus species...

Background: The virulence of a pathogenic Vibrio cholerae is dependent on a discrete set of genetic determinants. In this study, we determined the distribution of virulence determinants among the clinical and environmental isolates of V. cholerae. Methods: The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined using standard disk diffusion assay. PCR assay was performed to analyze t...

Objective(s): Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection as a healthcare-associated infection can cause life-threatening infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxin profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of C. difficile isolates obtained from hospitalized patients in Shiraz, Iran.Mater...

background: the virulence of a pathogenic vibrio cholerae is dependent on a discrete set of genetic determinants. in this study, we determined the distribution of virulence determinants among the clinical and environmental isolates of v. cholerae. methods: the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined using standard disk diffusion assay. pcr assay was performed to analyze t...

pathogens can be transmitted to the humans through the consumption of contaminated local dairy products such as cheese and, thus, cause pathogenic diseases. shiga toxin produced by escherichia coli can cause mild watery diarrhea as well as serious complications such as hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome and may even lead to death. the present study was conducted to investigate t...