concentrations of elements (as, co, cu, ni, mo, pb, v, cd, cr and zn) are studied in the surface sediments of bakhtegan lake, northwest of nyriz city, iran, to assess metal contamination. the average abundance order of trace elements content in bakhtegan lake sediments is cr>ni> v> zn> cu> co> as> pb> mo>cd. the comparison of trace elements concentration in bakhtegan lake sediments with toxicol...

NOEC and LOEC (no and lowest observed effect concentrations, respectively) are toxicological concepts derived from analysis of variance (ANOVA), a not very sensitive method that produces ambiguous results and does not provide confidence intervals (CI) of its estimates. For a long time, despite the abundant criticism that such concepts have raised, the field of the ecotoxicology is reticent to a...

I address and explain the increased risk of adverse effects from nutrients by using the paradigm of hormesis, the biological and toxicological concept that small quantities have opposite effects from large quantities. To provide necessary background, I categorize, depict, discuss, and contrast hormetic and other dose-response relations. I review some of the different hormetic mechanisms that ot...

The insecticide chlorpyrifos has been tested in numerous toxicological studies in the past. On the basis of these studies, the EU-evaluation of the active ingredient was finalized in 2005. Since then, new studies and data on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos have been published. The US American Environmental Protection Agency EPA has evaluated these studies and derived new toxicological reference va...

In biological research the analysis of gene expression levels in cells and tissues can be a powerful tool to gain insights into biological processes. For this, quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is a popular method that often involve the use of constitutively expressed endogenous reference (or 'housekeeping') gene for normalization of data. Thus, it is essential to use reference genes that have been...

Over the years, environment and the human population have seen an increasing exposure to both existing and newly developed chemicals. It is generally accepted that at least some of those are toxic, albeit as pure compound or in combination with others. In response to a growing public awareness and scientific data, the new European chemicals legislation (Registration, Evaluation and Authorizatio...

On the occasion of quality controls in food business and during official food surveillance, benzalkonium chloride residues in excess of the currently applicable maximum residue level (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg were detected in food. The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) derived toxicological reference values for benzalkonium chloride and assessed whether the detected residues pose a health r...

background: this toxicological investigation involves a report on the death of four ‎occupants of a sport utility vehicle on one of the major busy federal roads of nigeria ‎where they were held for up to three hours in a traffic jam while the car was steaming.‎ methods: autopsy was executed using the standard procedure and toxicological ‎analysis was done using simple spectrophotometric method ...