background: a crucial part of a case-control study is the selection of a sample of controls that represent the base-popula­tion from which cases were drawn. controls may be matched to cases by one or more potentially important confounding vari­ables, such as socioeconomic status. in the united kingdom, one method for control selection has been based on the pa­tient list of the general practice ...

BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated a relationship between segregation and level of education, occupational opportunities, and risk behaviors, yet a paucity of research has elucidated the association between racial residential segregation, socioeconomic deprivation, and lifetime cancer risk. OBJECTIVES We examined estimated lifetime cancer risk from air toxics by racial composition, segregat...

BACKGROUND Deprivation is associated with inequalities in health care and higher morbidity and mortality. To assess the reliability of a new individual deprivation score, the EPICES score and to analyse the association between the Townsend index, the Carstairs index and the EPICES score and causes of death in one French administrative region. METHODS Eligible patients were 16 years old or mor...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the ability of census based social deprivation scores devised by Jarman, Carstairs, and Townsend to predict workload in general practice. DESIGN This was a prospective study of 140,050 patients registered with general practices over one year from 1 July 1981 (Third National Morbidity Survey). Main outcome measures were workload score for each patient, de...

This article describes a Bayesian hierarchical model for factor analysis of spatially correlated multivariate data. The Ž rst level speciŽ es, for each area on a map, the distribution of a vector of manifest variables conditional on an underlying latent factor; at the second level, the areaspeciŽ c latent factors have a joint distribution that incorporates spatial correlation. The framework all...

Deprivation indices have been widely used to evaluate neighborhood socioeconomic status and therefore examine individuals within their regional context. Although some studies on the development of deprivation indices were conducted in Korea, additional research is needed to construct a more valid and reliable deprivation index. Therefore, a new deprivation index, named the K index, was construc...

OBJECTIVE To study the association between socioeconomic deprivation and childhood obesity. DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTING All state primary schools in Plymouth. Plymouth is a relatively deprived city in the United Kingdom, ranking 338th of 366 local authorities on the Department of the Environment Index of Local Conditions. SUBJECTS 20 973 children between the ages of 5 and 14 yea...

BACKGROUND Spatial health inequalities have often been analysed in terms of deprivation. The aim of this study was to create an ecological deprivation index and evaluate its association with mortality over the entire mainland France territory. More specifically, the variations with the degree of urbanicity, spatial scale, age, gender and cause of death, which influence the association between m...

Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge worldwide. There is a growing literature documenting socioeconomic inequalities in childhood obesity risk. Here we draw inference from the literature about inequalities in childhood obesity risk in the UK. We summarize and appraise the extant peer-reviewed literature about socioeconomic inequalities in childhood obesity in the UK. Common area...

OBJECTIVES We used existing data systems to examine sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV/AIDS diagnosis rates and explore potential county-level associations between HIV/AIDS diagnosis rates and socioeconomic disadvantage. METHODS Using South Carolina county data, we constructed multivariate ring maps to spatially visualize syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV/AIDS diagnosis rates; g...