In this work, an alternative procedure to retrofit an industrial plant is proposed, based on a new heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis and evolution algorithm. The idea is to consider the retrofitting as a grassroots design, but with match constrains accounted for during the synthesis. First, a lower bound for the HEN total annual cost (TAC) is determined and a new HEN is synthesized. A comp...

Hens can be immunized by means of i.m. vaccination (Musculus pectoralis, left and right, injection volume 0.5-1.0 ml) or by means of Gene-Gun plasmid-immunization. Dependent on the immunogenicity of the antigen, high antibody-titres (up to 1:100,000 - 1:1,000,000) can be achieved after only one or 3 - 4 boost immunizations. Normally, a hen lays eggs continuously for about 72 weeks, thereafter t...

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched hen egg yolks and L-cysteine supplementation on the qualities of the cryopreserved boar semen. A total of 15 ejaculates from 5 Pietrain boars were divided into 4 groups according to the compositions of the freezing extenders used, that is, normal hen egg yolk (group I), DHA-enriched hen egg yo...

A completely randomized design experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0%) of guar meal (GM) in laying hen diets over a 8-wk trial period. A total of 180 Hisex laying hens (25wk old) of similar body weight were randomly distributed among 5 treatments with 6 replicates with 6 hens each. Body weight, body weight gain, egg produced per hen...

this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of either twice or thrice a day feeding regimens on performance and as well on plasma hormone and metabolite levels of broiler breeder hens during 24 to 38 wk of their productive age. breeder pullets were provided form a commercial flock, and distributed in experimental units, in a compeletly randomized design with three feeding regimens (t...

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of five commonly used antistress agents on haemato-biochemical profiles of broiler and broiler breeder hen. In case of broiler, significant differences were observed between treatment groups for haemoglobin concentration, total RBC and total WBC count, total blood glucose, total serum protein, total serum albumin, total alkaline phosphatase a...

The aim of this study was to determine the production performance layer hen strain Hy-Line Brown in different cage locations closed house. research material 5,051 laying hens aged 28 weeks. House system house, arranged form frame A. were housed at densities 500 cm 2 per hen. Research feed is complete code 324 KJ produced by PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia. method comparative, comparing on locati...

Different types (light to heavy) of laying hens are used in practice. There are questions about the optimum level of balanced protein (BP) supply in feed for different types of hens. Therefore, a broad range of amino acids intake levels [550 to 800 mg of true fecal digestible (TFD) Lys/hen per d] was tested on heavy (Lohmann Brown Classic) and light (Lohmann LSL Classic) laying hens from 24 to ...

A study was conducted to investigate Fe requirements of broiler breeders. One-hundred-fifty-six Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens were individually placed in electrostatically painted cages at 22 weeks. The study was composed of an adaptation phase, in which hens were fed corn-soy-wheat bran diets until 35 wks. An Fe deficient mash diet (24.6 ppm Fe) was provided from 35 to 46 wk in order to induce...