shoulder movements are a complex motor act, controlled by many muscles attached to thescapula and the vertebral column. these muscles are innervating by motoneurons (mns) located in theventral horn of the spinal cord. motoneurons of the ventral horn are arranged such that several groups ofmns can be distinguished in a transverse section through the spinal cord. the anatomical or functionalimpli...

Accurate mapping of total soil C on the field scale is essential for evaluating efforts to sequester soil C and for providing individual producers with information on C sequestration potentials of their fields. Data on easily measured secondary variables that are strongly related to soil C are believed to be helpful in improving mapping accuracy. The objective of this study was to assess improv...

The primary sensory cortices are characterized by a topographical mapping of basic sensory features which is considered to deteriorate in higher-order areas in favor of complex sensory features. Recently, however, retinotopic maps were also discovered in the higher-order visual, parietal and prefrontal cortices. The discovery of these maps enabled the distinction between visual regions, clarifi...

Nanopipettes are playing an increasingly prominent role in nanoscience, for sizing, sequencing, delivery, detection, and mapping interfacial properties. Herein, the question of how to best resolve topography and surface charge effects when using a nanopipette as a probe for mapping in scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is addressed. It is shown that, when a bias modulated (BM) SICM sche...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of topographical memory impairment following posterior cerebral artery infarctions (PCAI) and define its anatomical correlations. METHODS We recruited 15 patients (mean duration of 4 months postinfarct). We administered 2 sets of experimental tests to assess topographical memory: one set included 5 computerized tasks (CompT) and the other set consisted of ...