blocking antibodies are valuable tools for inhibiting the specific receptor- ligand interactions. the interaction of co-stimulatory molecules on the antigen presenting cells with their ligands on t cells is an essential step for t cell activation. in the present study, the effect of blocking antibody against cd40 on its t cell stimulatory potential is investigated. the dcs (dendritic cells) wer...

cd40 is recognized as a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor super family. it is expressed by the immune and non-immune cells. its interaction with cd40 ligand (cd154) brings about  a regulatory effect on  the cellular and humoral immunity. the pathway of cd40-cd154 is influential in various diseases. investigations on such diseases have revealed dimensional mechanisms whereby this route in...

introduction: in order to study the alterations of beta 1 and 2 integrins mrna level in rat lumbar spinal cord following the induction of chronic pain and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, we examined the level of expression of these genes in the presence of chronic pain, which is an inhibitor of morphine tolerance. we used induction of chronic pain alone and in ...

Introduction: In order to study the alterations of beta 1 and 2 integrins mRNA level in rat lumbar spinal cord following the induction of chronic pain and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, we examined the level of expression of these genes in the presence of chronic pain, which is an inhibitor of morphine tolerance. We used induction of chronic pain alone and ...

Introduction: The GABAergic system of the brain plays a key role in morphine tolerance and sensitization. As isoniazid is a modulator of the GABAergic system, the present study aims to understand whether isoniazid can influence the induction of tolerance and sensitization to the rewarding effects of morphine.  Methods: The rewarding effects of morphine and isoniazid were assessed using a Condi...

Oral tolerance is a physiological immune mechanism, which controls the outcome of deleterious hypersensitivity reactions to environmental antigens absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, and maintains homeostasis. Using a mouse model of oral tolerance of delayed type hypersensitivity to contact allergens, i.e. haptens, we have examined the mechanisms involved in the induction of oral toler...

The ease of tolerance induction in B lymphocytes from fetal, neonatal, and adult mice was studied in vivo, in a cell transfer system, and in vitro. Three different tolerogens were used: ultracentrifuged BGG, DNP(6)-D-GL, and ultracentrifuged DNP(22)-BGG. Irradiated thymectomized mice were reconstituted with B cells from fetal or neonatal liver or adult spleen or bone marrow. The mice were injec...