Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is expected to generate a long list of benefits. Of which reducing car use and relieving traffic congestion are among the top. To what extent can TOD contribute to reduce regional congestion? This paper presents an empirical study of Austin, Texas where a new commuter rail line is under construction and TOD proposals are being developed. The study applied the ...

INTRODUCTION Inflammatory markers have been reported to be elevated in hypertension. AIM We compared levels of inflammatory markers between hypertensives (HT) with target organ damage (TOD) but without associated clinical conditions (ACC), n=55, HT with ACC, n=42, HT without TOD/ACC, n=22 and normotensive controls, n=41. METHODS Serum levels of CRP, fibrinogen, TNF-alpha and anti-HSP60 anti...

BACKGROUND There was limited published data on target organ damage (TOD) and the effect of nonadherence to practice guidelines in Ethiopia. This study determined TOD and the long term effect of nonadherence to clinical guidelines on hypertensive patients. METHODS An open level retrospective cohort study has been employed at cardiac clinic of Gondar university hospital for a mean follow-up per...

While Transit Oriented Development (TOD) has almost exclusively concerned rail based modes there has been a recent interest in bus related TOD with an emphasis on new bus rapid transit (BRT) developments in North/ South America and Australia. This paper takes a critical look at the strengths and weakness of bus based transit systems in relation to TOD through a review of the literature and an a...

In the past few decades, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) has emerged as a popular and in uential planning concept in the United States. Physical design is an important aspect of making TOD projects work as it is a crucial means of coordinating relatively intensive land uses and multiple transportation modes. is paper analyzes seven American TOD projects in terms of urban design and conclude...

Expanding public transportation is not enough to solve the urban sprawl problem resulted from an auto-orientation perspective. So urban planning experts paid attention to integrated and coordinated planning of urban development with public transportation, which reached to sustainable urban development. The purpose of this study is to review the researches in transit-oriented development (TOD) a...

Introduction: Target organ damage (TOD) can be evaluated in outpatient clinics and offers valuable information about patient's cardiovascular risk. Clinical evidence supported the possibility that serum uric acid (SUA) may lead to hypertension. Carotid intima–media thickness (carotid IMT) measured noninvasively by ultrasonography is now widely used as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. Goa...

BACKGROUND In the absence of ocular target organ damage (ocular-TOD), diagnosis of hypertension is challenging in cats. Biomarkers would provide additional support for the diagnosis of hypertension. HYPOTHESIS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) are predictors of ...

The advancement of medical technology and future improvements in public health will lead to surgeons operating on high risk patients. One of these advances is to use intra-operative trans-oesophageal Doppler (TOD) to optimise fluid management. TOD is known to be the most effective technique for intraoperative cardiac monitoring. We report a case of a potentially life threatening complication fr...