conclusions to promote the effect of printed images on cigarette packages, it is recommended to consider the suitability of labels in the targeted culture. in addition, to be more effective consultation sites to quit smoking should be introduced under the images. background health warning labels on cigarette packages are among the most straightforward and important tools to communicate with smo...

background: tobacco use has toxic effects on different organs. this study was carried out to assess the effect of indigenous tobacco both in smoking (bidi) and smokeless (gutkha, zarda and khaini) forms on buccal cells at chromosomal level, through assessment of different nuclear anomalies as biomarker. methods:this study was done on people living in durgapur and its adjacent areas, west bengal...

introduction: noise, as the most common pollutant in the industrial environment, can lead to hearing loss and negatively affect other organs such as the cardiovascular system. cigarette smoking is a popular habit among some workers, and can also have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system. this study aimed to investigate the effect of simultaneous exposure to noise and cigarette smoke o...

Oral cancer is a highly lethal disease and one of the most debilitating and disfiguring of all malignancies in the world. According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2010 report, 60% of tobacco users in India use only smokeless tobacco. Among 206 million smokeless tobacco users, 65.1 million are consuming gutkha. In recent years, gutkha is recognized as a life threatening disorder with the ...

conclusions these results showed the preventive effect of hydroethanolic extract of n. sativa on tracheal responsiveness of guinea pig model of copd, which was as effective as vitamin c. results the tracheal responsiveness to both methacholine and ovalbumin in guinea pigs with copd were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.001 for both cases). the tracheal responsiveness in the co...

OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and correlates of use of conventional and novel smokeless tobacco products among a national sample of US middle and high school students. METHODS Data from the 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey were analyzed to determine national estimates of current use of conventional ("chewing tobacco", "snuff," or "dip"), novel ("snus" and "dissolvable tobacco products...

Although a few countries have banned flavored cigarettes (except menthol), flavors in most tobacco products remain unregulated across the globe. We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies examining perceptions of and experiences with flavored non-menthol tobacco products. Of 20 studies on flavored tobacco products included in our qualitative systematic review, 10 examined hookah, s...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of use of nicotine-containing tobacco products such as cigars, pipe tobacco, and cigarettes that promise less exposure to toxins; e-cigarettes; and smokeless tobacco products among a cohort of conventional cigarette smokers followed over the past decade. We also evaluated associations between use of such produc...

OBJECTIVE This systematic review examines the impact of non-menthol flavours in tobacco products on tobacco use perceptions and behaviours among youth, young adults and adults. DATA SOURCES English-language peer-reviewed publications indexed in 4 databases were searched through April 2016. STUDY SELECTION A search strategy was developed related to tobacco products and flavours. Of 1688 arti...