The mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) is the most complex variable regarding the input parameters for heat balance models of human being that are the background for the assessment of thermally unfavourable conditions and heat stress. This paper investigates the simplification of past studies that the Tmrt is equal to the air temperature (Ta) under indoor conditions. In a second step, the causes f...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) at a single in situ incubation time point to estimate the undegradable intake protein (UIP) in forages as well as to compare rates of NDIN degradation. Forage samples in Exp. 1 comprised diet samples collected from range and meadow pastures monthly from May through September. In Exp. 2, clipped sam...

Mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) has shown to be an important meteorological variable in studies of human comfort and health. The Tmrt is defined as the ‘uniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure in which the radiant heat transfer from the human body equals the radiant heat transfer in the actual non-uniform enclosure’ (ASHRAE, 2001). One way to obtain Tmrt is to calculate the surface temper...

The mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) is one of the most important meteorological parameters governing human energy balance. In this paper, three different methods of obtaining the Tmrt in an outdoor urban setting are compared. Method A is based on integral radiation measurements and angular factors, method B is based on measurements with a 38-mm flat grey globe thermometer and in method C makes ...

This paper introduces CityComfortþ, a new method to simulate the spatial variation of the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) in dense urban areas. This method derives the Tmrt by modeling five components of radiation fluxesddirect solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation, reflected solar radiation, long-wave radiation from the atmosphere, and long-wave radiation from urban surfacesdeach weighted b...

The rising global temperature contributes to a strong impact on urban thermal environment and outdoor thermal comfort. Although the existing satellite telemetry methods are convenient to display geographical information. The detail distributions of 3-dimentional radiation properties of the complex urban environment cannot be estimated accurately due to the low resolution and lack of vertical in...

To validate a method for analysing indigestible marker excretion patterns in terms of digesta passage, the mean retention time (MRT) of long hay, ground hay and concentrate, marked, respectively, with thulium, ytterbium and dysprosium was measured in the total digestive tract (TMRT) and in the stomachs (SMRT) of four cows fed on a diet of hay in the long form (17.7 kg DM/day). The MRT of the pa...

Many studies have explored outdoor thermal comfort during the last several years, ever since it has been strongly related to human health and well-being. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is one of most commonly used indexes. It approved applied within different urban spaces climates. This study a comparative research that importance using mean radiant (Tmrt) in PET assessment by e...

Abstract. Mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) is a frequently used measure of outdoor heat conditions. Excessive Tmrt, linked especially to clear and warm days, has negative effect on human wellbeing. The highest Tmrt such days found in sunlit areas, whereas shaded areas have significantly lower values. One way alleviating high by planting trees provide shade exposed areas. Achieving the most effic...