background: to find out different species of helminthes and blood/tissue pro-tozoan parasites of stray dogs and their potential role for transmission of zoonotic species to human in mashhad, khorasan razavi province, northeast iran, during 2008-2009. methods: totally, 100 stray dogs were selected among mashhad municipal collec-tion from different sites of the city. internal organs were examined...

I. Principles of Tmmunofluorescent Staining.................................................. A. Fluorescent Antibody Labeling........................................................ B. Immunofluorescent Staining Procedures............................................... C. Controls.............................................................................. D. Nonspecific Staining................

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a costly invasive urban pest in warm and humid regions around the world. Feeding workers of the Formosan subterranean termite genetically engineered yeast strains that express synthetic protozoacidal lytic peptides has been shown to kill the cellulose digesting termite gut protozoa, which results in death of the termite colon...

INTRODUCTION Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky was isolated from septic poultry in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to characterize this isolate by screening for SGI1 and hyper-virulence. METHODOLOGY The strain was characterized by identification of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) through a PCR assay and we used a tissue culture invasion assay to assess protozoa-mediated hyper-...

Evolving multicellularity is easy, especially in phototrophs and osmotrophs whose multicells feed like unicells. Evolving animals was much harder and unique; probably only one pathway via benthic 'zoophytes' with pelagic ciliated larvae allowed trophic continuity from phagocytic protozoa to gut-endowed animals. Choanoflagellate protozoa produced sponges. Converting sponge flask cells mediating ...

b a ckground: diagnostic study of vector ticks for different pathogens transmitted specifically have been done by iranian old scientists working on the basis of biological transmission of pathogens. in this study we decided to con- firm natural infection of different collected ticks from three different provinces of iran. m e t hods: ticks were collected from livestock (sheep, goats and cattle)...

neospora caninum, an apicomplexan protozoan, is regarded as a major cause of abortion and stillbirth in cattle in countries world-wide. the ability to detection n.caninum in tissue samples can be a useful detection diagnostic tool for use in the study of the pathogenicity, immunoprophylaxis, and treatment of neospora infection. however, molecular biology is one of the most sensitive tools for d...

Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that has been purported to be more virulent than antibiotic-sensitive counterparts. The paradigm for this multiresistant/hyperpathogenic phenotype is Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT104 (DT104). The basis for the multiresistance in DT104 is related to an integron structure desig...

In captive penguins, avian malaria due to Plasmodium parasites is a well-recognized disease problem as these protozoa may cause severe losses among valuable collections of zoo birds. In blood films from naturally infected birds, identification and differentiation of malaria parasites based on morphological criteria are difficult because parasitaemia is frequently light and blood stages, which a...