in this study, effect of two genotype imputation strategies, relatedness between reference panel and test populations and minor allele frequency on imputation error rate were examined with using a stochastic simulated population. reference panel and test populations were composed of 1,000 and 500 individuals, respectively. individuals in the reference panel were genotyped with using a high and ...

Increased emphasis on routine screening of chemicals for potential neurotoxicity has resulted in the development of testing guidelines and standardized procedures. A multiphased, tiered-testing strategy has been proposed by numerous expert panels to evaluate large numbers of chemicals. In a regulatory context, however, a formal tiered-testing approach is not used, mostly because of the constrai...

BACKGROUND The forestry and wood products industries play a significant role in CO2 emissions reduction by increasing carbon stocks in living forest biomass and wood products. Moreover, wood can substitute for fossil fuels. Different methods can be used to assess the impact of regional forestry and wood products industries on regional CO2 emissions. This article considers three of those methods...

Quality-tiered private labels have become a main strategy for grocery retailers. However, impacts of label development on wholesale prices and their effects retail price rigidity remain unanswered as appropriate data scarce. This paper fills this research gap by analyzing retail-pricing behavior passthrough categories with quality-tier differentiated labels. We find the speed to differ across c...

this study investigates and compares the efficacy of differentiated instruction and traditional-based instruction on enhancing iranian students’ reading comprehension. eight elementary, intermediate, and advanced classrooms from 1 language institute were chosen, and based on their performance on the pretests were further divided into 4 control and 4 treatment groups. flexible grouping, tiered i...