Shot putting is an important component of track and field events and the throwing distance (s, m) is the greatest concern of coaches and athletes. There are mainly three major factors affecting throwing distance: the initial velocity (v, m/s), release angle (A, °) and release height (h, m) in shot push. So far, it is common to use the physical kinematics knowledge in the research of shot puttin...

Optimum projection angles for achieving maximum horizontal range in throwing and jumping events are considerably less than 45°. This unexpected result arises because an athlete can generate a greater projection velocity at low projection angles than at high angles. The range of a projectile is strongly dependent on projection speed and so the optimum projection angle is biased towards low proje...

This paper considers the kinematic characteristics of over arm throwing with particular emphasis on the techniques of throwing in cricket. The technique is subdivided into: (1) Wind up phase, (2) late cocking Phase (3) arm acceleration and (4) instant of ball release. The study was used to form the samples as, 10 elite cricket players. The ages of the players were (mean ± 23.50). The physical c...

BACKGROUND Arm injuries in throwing athletes continue to increase. Injuries may be due to multiple variables, including inefficient body movement patterns, especially in young baseball throwers. It is unclear whether these patterns can be efficiently altered in this population. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS To investigate the effect of a novel 21-day throwing program on body movement patterns in youth b...

The amount of stress imposed on shoulder and elbow appears to be directly correlated with the degree of maximum shoulder external rotation (MER) during throwing motions. Therefore, identifying risk factors contributing to the increase of MER angle may help to decrease the throwing injuries occurrence in baseball players. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the correlation betwee...

Many investigators have demonstrated that in swing motions such as ball-throwing, the motion of the proximal joint (shoulder) produced assistive interaction torque for the distal joint (elbow). In line with these studies, the shoulder and elbow motions would be expected to produce the assistive interaction torque for the wrist joint as well. However, we recently showed that the interaction torq...

Beyond skill, beliefs in requisite abilities and expectations can affect performance. This experiment examined effects of induced perceptions of ability to perform well under generic situations of challenge. Participants (N = 31) first completed one block of 20 trials on a throwing accuracy task. They then completed questionnaires ostensibly measuring individual differences in the ability to pe...

41 To characterise rugby union lineout throwing technique, three experienced 42 male rugby players performed throwing trials under varying conditions of 43 distance and trajectory. Motion analysis permitted the recovery of joint centre 44 coordinates at 120 Hz and the construction of a three-dimensional linked 45 segment model for calculation of joint angle and centre of mass time histories. 46...

The purpose of the study is to estimate the optimal release conditions for male and female world discus record holders of 1998 under no wind and in the wind. The estimation was achieved by using numerical methods to deal with the lift and drag coefficients in Ganslen’s wind tunnel tests of discus. The results showed that under no wind, when the release height of both male and female holders was...