it ness intimidation — that is, threats made by defendants to discourage victims or eyewitnesses of crime from reporting or testifying—has only recently been recognized as a prevalent problem. Cases of witness intimidation brought to the public eye by the media typically are sensational and highly unusual, involving witnesses who testified against members of organized crime. Recent studies, how...

OBJECTIVE To examine the perceptions of intimidation in the psychiatric educational environment in Edmonton, Alberta. METHODS We distributed a 7-point modified Likert scale questionnaire that included questions with respect to intimidation perceptions and experience in psychiatry during a 1-week period to all student interns on psychiatry rotations, residents, and teaching faculty in the 5 te...

BACKGROUND While intimate partner violence (IPV) affects 25% of women and impairs health, current societal conditions-including the normalization of abuse in popular culture such as novels, film, and music-create the context to support such violence. Fifty Shades of Grey, a best-selling novel, depicts a "romantic" and "erotic" relationship involving 28-year-old megamillionaire, Christian Grey, ...

Many animals resolve disputes without combat by displaying signals of potential strength during threatening displays. Presumably, competitors use each other's displays to assess their relative strengths, and current theory predicts that these signals of strength should generally be honest. We tested this prediction by investigating the relationships among morphology, performance, and social dom...

there are a variety of definitions about social security and threats indicating a lack of consensus on this issue, and not considering the impact of social conditions of different countries. thus, although in a scientific study considering other viewpoints can be useful, in order to be practical, we should indigenously note indigenous conditions and domestic scholar’s comments. based on this id...