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Lifetime exposure to trihalomethanes (THM) has been associated with increased risk of bladder cancer. We explored methods of analyzing bladder cancer risk associated with 4 THM (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) as surrogates for disinfection by-product (DBP) mixtures in a case-control study in Spain (1998-2001). Lifetime average concentrations of THM in the...

In the framework of a cohort study of pregnant women conducted in Brittany (France), we assessed the exposure to trihalomethanes (THM) during pregnancy in a subset by evaluating (1) potential sources of variability in household THM levels; (2) the between- and within-subject variability in THM levels; (3) THM levels in swimming pools; and (4) the role of water-related habits on total THM uptake...

Little is known about genetic susceptibility to individual trihalomethanes (THM) in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a nested case-control study of 682 pregnant women in Kaunas (Lithuania) and, using individual information on drinking water, ingestion, showering and bathing, and uptake factors of THMs in blood, estimated an internal THM dose. We used logistic regression to e...

OBJECTIVES Congenital anomalies have been inconsistently associated with maternal crude estimated exposure to drinking water trihalomethane (THM). We investigated the relationship between individual THM uptake during the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital anomalies. METHODS We estimated maternal THM uptake for 3074 live births using residential tap water concentrations, drinking wate...

Trihalomethanes (THM) are the most typical disinfection by-products (DBPs) found in public swimming pool water. DBPs are produced when organic and inorganic matter in water reacts with chemical disinfectants. The irregular contribution of substances from pool visitors and long contact time with disinfectant make the forecast of THM in pool water a challenge. In this work occurrence of THM in a ...

Two proofs in [10] contain errors and the statement of [10, Thm. 1] requires correction. The purpose of this note is to correct these. Fortunately, the corrections allow us to extend [10, Thm. 3] to higher dimensions. We now describe the organization of this addendum. The first section corrects the statement of [10, Thm. 1]. The second section corrects [10, Prop. 19], which applies to [10, Thm....

chlorination of natural water containing humic compounds, produce significant amount of disinfectant by - products. the most important of such compounds are thlvis and halo acetic acids, suspected to cause cancer in animals and human. studies showed that under usual processes of water treatment plants, thms can not be removed effectively. since chlorination is the final process of treatment, it...

BACKGROUND In South Africa, over 6 million people are hypertensive and the burden of disease shows that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death among adults. Although treatments exist, few people comply or adhere to recommended treatment due to side effects or costs of the drugs, hence the reliance on alternative forms of treatment. Traditional herbal medicines (THM) are u...