Fluid (ml) ‘Usual’ thickener 785 202 (701–903) 0.47 Pre-thickened 795 346 (745–1091) Protein (g) ‘Usual’ thickener 7 3 (4–7) 0.001 Pre-thickened 15 7 (10–17) Energy (kCal) ‘Usual’ thickener 267 50 (254–304) 0.0001 Pre-thickened 583 241 (543–784) Calcium (mg) ‘Usual’ thickener 25 8 (22–30) 0.0001 Pre-thickened 544 156 (467–623) Vitamin C (mg) ‘Usual’ thickener 35 48 (13–61) 0.001 Pre-thickened 1...

Flow and dynamic rheological properties of thickened waters prepared with commercial food thickeners were investigated at different pH levels (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). The commercial xanthan gum (XG)-based thickener (thickener A) and starch-based thickener (thickener B), which have been commonly used in a domestic hospital and nursing home for patients with swallowing difficulty (dysphagia) in Korea...

The flow behaviors of three thickened fruit juices (orange, apple, and grape juice) prepared with a commercial instant xanthan gum (XG)-based thickener that is marketed in Korea were investigated at different thickener concentrations (1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, and 3.5%) and setting times (5 and 30 min) using a rheometer and a line-spread measurement method. The flow distance values measured...

Rheological properties of thickened fluids used for consumption by people with dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) are very sensitive to several factors, such as thickener type, temperature, pH, sugar, protein, and NaCl. In this study, steady and dynamic rheological properties of thickened water samples mixed with five commercial xanthan gum-based food thickeners (A~E) were studied in the presenc...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of nasogastric tube (NGT) removal and change to oral feeding with a food thickener for acute stroke patients in whom a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) confirmed thin liquid aspiration. METHODS We retrospectively examined data of 199 patients with first stroke who were diagnosed with dysphagia from 2011 to 2015. Swallowing function was evaluated using VF...

A mathematical method for calculation of the minimum cross-sectional area of a thickener is presented by obtaining minimum laboratory batch settling test data, a function, which is called settling function, is derived. This function is found to be in the form of a polynomial of third order. The settling function and mass flux relation are used for the design of thickener. The method predict...

a mathematical method for calculation of the minimum cross-sectional area of a thickener is presented by obtaining minimum laboratory batch settling test data, a function, which is called settling function, is derived. this function is found to be in the form of a polynomial of third order. the settling function and mass flux relation are used for the design of thickener. the method predicts th...

A model is presented for design of a thickener for solid-liquid separation where the flocs or aggregates within the solid-liquid suspension undergo an aggregate densification process due to the action of rakes. This aggregate densification facilitates suspension dewatering. The novel feature of the model is that it manages to couple together a hindered settling zone (higher up in the thickener,...

OBJECTIVE To investigate compliance with a viscosity-modified diet among Korean dysphagic patients and to determine which factors are associated with compliance. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who had been recommended to use thickeners in the previous videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Among 68 patients, 6 were excluded because tube feeding was require...

many studies have considered the effects of suspension properties on the dewatering process but fewhave focused on ore properties. thus, the present work studied the effects of ore properties (density,particle size, mineralogy) on the dewatering process based on lab and pilot experiments. a hydrocyclonewas used to prepare the required samples for the experiments. to study the effects of mineral...