Thermal-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) of direct reconciliation with heterodyne detection can improve the robustness protocols. However, CV-QKD protocols require outlier detection, optical phase shifters are used to achieve orthogonal differentiation modes, but actual suffer from measurement angular errors, resulting in imperfect phase. This kind error degrades secu...

Far infrared Fizeau interferometry (FIFI) and shadow moiré with enhanced sensitivity (SMES) are developed for real time warpage measurement of microelectronics devices. The methods are implemented in a compact apparatus that is based on a computer controlled environmental chamber. The apparatus combines the two methods to provide unique capabilities of thermally induced warpage measurement with...

Phonons can display both wave-like and particle-like behaviour during thermal transport. While thermal transport in silicon nanomeshes has been previously interpreted by phonon wave effects due to interference with periodic structures, as well as phonon particle effects including backscattering, the dominant mechanism responsible for thermal conductivity reductions below classical predictions s...

The Thermal Diffusion Probe 200 (TDP200) is a thermal properties characterization device that is capable of measuring the thermal conductivity of phantom materials with less than 0.2% variability. However, this device gives 1.5% to 2% variability in thermal conductivity values when the medium being measured is human skin tissue. Six different sources of variability have been identified that mig...

this paper presents a hybrid technique for simultaneous estimation of parameter and function in inverse heat conduction problems. no prior information is used for the functional form of the heat flux in the present study. the scheme presented here is a combination of two different classical methods: the variable metric method (vmm) and gauss method (gm). the determination of the unknown thermal...

We extend the quantum discord to continuous variable systems and evaluate Gaussian quantum discord C(ϱ) for bipartite Gaussian states. In particular, for squeezed-thermal states, we explicitly maximize the extractable information over Gaussian measurements: C(ϱ) is minimized by a generalized measurement rather than a projective one. Almost all squeezed-thermal states have nonzero Gaussian disco...

We measure the current fluctuations emitted by a normal-metal-insulator-normal-metal tunnel junction with a very wide bandwidth, from 0.3 to 13 GHz, down to very low temperature T=35  mK. This allows us to perform the spectroscopy (i.e., measure the frequency dependence) of thermal noise (no dc bias, variable temperature) and shot noise (low temperature, variable dc voltage bias). Because of th...

Compensation for ultrasonic flow measurement has increasingly become the trend for applications that call for higher accuracy and tighter repeatability. Temperature is a variable that tends to have a significant impact on performance. Geometric dimension changes due to thermal expansion and contraction, as well as fluid dynamics, are impacted by temperature and thus have an influence on overall...

in this study the thermal conductivity and the volumetric heat capacity of non-newtonian fluids are investigated. these fluids find many applications in chemical, medical and food industries. they mostly have viscoelastic behavior and generally differ from newtonian fluids. two non-newtonian fluids, solutions of xanthan and carboxy methyl cellulose in water with various concentrations have bee...