Placebo controls are commonly used in clinical trials of investigational treatments because they have important advantages. In recent years, some have criticized the use of placebo-controlled trials when effective alternative therapy exists, regardless of the expected effect of the therapy. In part 1 of this paper, ethical arguments are addressed and the interpretive problems inherent in the us...

introduction: solar lentigines are among commonest cosmetic problems. there are many topical therapies suggested to treat these lesions including cryotherapy, chemical peeling with tri chloro acetic acid (tca) and laser therapy with q-switched lasers as well as long pulsed lasers. considering possible treatment side effects (pih, scar) with cryotherapy and peeling in iranian patients (darker sk...

results the mean age in breathing technique with lavender and breathing technique alone were 25.5 ± 4.3 and 26 ± 4.9, respectively .two groups were comparable in this regards (p = 0.6), but the length of active phase in interventional group was 7.85 ± 3.85 hours and in the control group it was 9.88 ± 6.65 hours. the decrease of the length of labor in the active phase was higher in the experimen...

background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is an unpredictable neurological disease leading to severe disability in young adults.  the  majority of ms patients  use  complementary and     alternative medicine  (cam)  as adjunct  to conventional  therapies.  this study  aimed  to  investigate the prevalence  of cam utilization among  iranian patients with ms and their attitude  toward the cam usage. me...

objective: diabetes is a chronic disease causing not only somatic complications like hyperglycemia, but also increased psychological consequences and impaired psychological well-being in diabetics. various psychological treatments have been applied so far to reduce the mental symptoms and promote the mental well-being of these patients. this study aimed at determining the efficiency of dialecti...

background and objectives: having spiritual health is an effective factor in recovery of cancer patients. therefore, due to the importance of spiritual health in outcome of cancer patients, this study aimed at assessing spiritual health and its related factors in cancer patients. methods: this descriptive-correlational study was carried out on 150 cancer patients who were at least 18 years old ...

background: humans have been involved with the phenomena of pain and pain relief from the ancient times. back pain is the most common pain. in fact, eight out of ten people experience it in their lifetime. however, individuals with specific jobs, including nurses, are faced with this problem more. nursing is in the top ten careers suffering from the most severe musculoskeletal injuries. there a...

background: to determine the prevalence and patterns of complementary and alternative medicine (cam) use in urban population in isfahan. methods: in a cross–sectional study through two-stage sampling methods, 870 individuals were selected from isfahan province, center of iran. we selected 20 clusters randomly and chose one household from each cluster by chance then 24 households were included...