Although there are several lines of evidence regarding the prehistoric spread of farming peoples through the forest, nothing is known about the original pygmy occupation, nor the evolution of their relationship with the horticulturists. This paper will examine the history, geography, and ecology of that forest, and the prehistoric immigration of farming peoples in order to provide a context for...

Among various practical measures used for restriction of the ground surface settlement in such tunnels driven in soft ground, selection of an appropriate excavation method plays a significant role. In this paper, employing suggested diagram by Yu & Chern, corresponding values of Niayesh tunnel has been inserted into the diagram. Later, two excavation methods namely: central diaphragm and side d...

western parts of the chaharmahal and bakhtiyari province (ardal county) due to containing high mountains, deep valleys and small intermountain plains as well as the placement in the path of the nomads have long been of interest to humans. the nomadic communities of the mountainous regions of chaharmahal va bakhtiyari culturally interacted with the lowland areas of fars and khuzestan's plai...

one of the most important issues that faced cities in developing countries with a crisis is expanding informal settlement in them. these settlements with differences in definition are known as occupational, changing, marginal, self-made and uncontrolled housing. it is estimated that about 1 billion man in all over the world live in such kinds of places. these zones are the texture for creation ...

1. Two common species of acorn barnacle, Chthamalus montagui and C. stellatus , with similar resource needs, occur together on rocky shores of NW Europe but differ in their adult distribution over two environmental gradients, wave exposure and vertical height on the shore. 2. A sampling programme was undertaken over 2 years to determine the causal mechanisms of this differential distribution. T...

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of collector materials and position on Pinctada margaritifera spat attachment. Settlement on polyethylene pipes (54.6%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than on plastic baskets (25%). Significantly higher (P < 0.05) spat catch was recorded from the collectors which were installed on lower height of settlement tank than upper. The number o...

among various practical measures used for restriction of the ground surface settlement in such tunnels driven in soft ground, selection of an appropriate excavation method plays a significant role. in this paper, employing suggested diagram by yu &amp; chern, corresponding values of niayesh tunnel has been inserted into the diagram. later, two excavation methods namely: central diaphragm and si...

Most studies of settlement cues in sessile marine invertebrates have focused on species with the potential to disperse over great distances. This persistent focus has perpetuated the idea that long-distance dispersing species may rely on cues to settle in specific habitats, whereas shortdistance dispersers are delivered directly into a favorable habitat. I tested the effects of water movement a...