BACKGROUND Existing systems for grading severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) rely on a change of serum creatinine concentration over a defined time interval. The rate of change in serum creatinine increases by degree of reduction in glomerular filtration rate, but is mitigated by low creatinine generation rate (CGR). Failure to appreciate variation in CGR may lead to erroneous conclusions rega...

Ras-mediated signaling is necessary for the induction of vulval cell fates during Caenorhabditis elegans development. We identified cgr-1 by screening for suppressors of the ectopic vulval cell fates caused by a gain-of-function mutation of the let-60 ras gene. Analysis of two cgr-1 loss-of-function mutations indicates that cgr-1 positively regulates induction of vulval cell fates. cgr-1 is lik...

We introduce normal deleting automata with a restart operation (norm-DRA) and contextual grammars with regular selection (CGR). Both norm-DRA and CGR allow to describe syntax of (natural) languages as reduction systems. Some previously studied classes of contextual languages can be expressed using both norm-DRA and CGR. We give a hierarchy of some subclasses of norm-DRA and show the correspondi...

Cover crops can produce ecosystem services during the fallow period, as reducing nitrate leaching and producing green manure. Crop growth rate (CGR) and crop nitrogen acquisition rate (CNR) can be used as two indicators of the ability of cover crops to produce these services in agrosystems. We used leaf functional traits to characterise the growth strategies of 36 cover crops as an approach to ...

MOTIVATION Chaos Game Representation (CGR) is an iterative mapping technique that processes sequences of units, such as nucleotides in a DNA sequence or amino acids in a protein, in order to find the coordinates for their position in a continuous space. This distribution of positions has two properties: it is unique, and the source sequence can be recovered from the coordinates such that distan...

The mitochondrial genomes have provided much information on the evolution of this organelle and have been used for phylogenetic reconstruction by various methods with or without sequence alignment. In this paper, we explore the mitochondrial genomes by means of the chaos game representation (CGR), a tool derived from the chaotic dynamical systems theory. If the DNA sequence is a random collecti...

OBJECTIVE Newer generation left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are established for long-term support. The aim of this multi-modal intervention was to improve the body weight, exercise tolerance and psychosocial status in outpatients on long-term LVAD support. METHODS Seventy patients participated in this non-randomized intervention study [intervention group (IGr) n = 34; control group (CG...

Glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Little is known about the function of GR and MR in avian species. Recently, the chicken homologue of the GR (cGR) gene was cloned, and its tissue-specific expression was characterized, whereas the full-length sequence of the chicken MR (cMR...

The chaos game representation (CGR) is a scatter plot derived from a DNA sequence, with each point of the plot corresponding to one base of the sequence. If the DNA sequence were a random collection of bases, the CGR would be a uniformly filled square; conversely, any patterns visible in the CGR represent some pattern (information) in the DNA sequence. In this paper, patterns previously observe...

Concrete grinding residue (CGR) is a slurry byproduct created by concrete pavement maintenance operations. Disposal of CGR slurry is presently regulated on the basis of very minimal information. The least immediate expense is incurred by spreading CGR slurry directly on vegetated roadway ditches and embankments. The direct disposal impacts to environmental quality in terms of soil physical or c...