“occupy wall street” movement which has aimed the heart of the global financial capitalist system enjoys a special significance in the perspective of social-economic- political, human rights (work force), moral and cultural heritage of nations and can be considered as a symbol of work force economic jihad in national and global level in order to realize justice and socio-economic equality. but ...

This paper argues that there is a substantial body of economic advice, roughly summarized in the “Washington consensus,” that deserves to be endorsed across the political spectrum. Such endorsement would still leave a series of major economic issues, most notably the tradeoff between efficiency and equity, to be determined by the outcome of the political process. It is argued that the “left,” i...

In the postwar years, most Third World countries turned inward partly in response to what they thought were the disastrous consequences of their 19th century integration into the world economy as the global economy collapsed in the Great Depression. The seeming success of Soviet central planning under Stalin also persuaded the leaders of these newly independent countries to substitute the plan ...

In 1994 the World Bank and the IMF marked the fiftieth anniversary of their founding meeting at Bretton Woods. The occasion was hardly one of celebration for the two Washington institutions with which official post-war international financial arrangements are most closely identified. For, paradoxically, in the lengthy wake of the Uruguay Round of the GATT, the World Trade Organisation was loomi...

the present study aims to answer the question that what the fundamental grounds and characteristics of beijing consensus model are and what challenges may be posed before it. concentrating on characteristics of beijing consensus model, the present study argues that positive factors inclusive of development-oriented foreign policy, significant economic indicators and good performance in the east...