the percent of normal precipitation index (pnpi) is a widely used drought index to provide good estimations about the intensity, magnitude and spatial extent of droughts. the objective of this study was analyzing spatial pattern of drought by pnpi index. in this paper, according to the data of 40 stations in iran, during 1967-2009, the pattern of drought hazard is evaluated. influenced zone of ...

due to simple operation and no needs for expensive infrastructure construction to convey water from a source to farm lands, groundwater becomes the most important sources of agricultural water supply in iran. however, the contamination of aquifers is a major concern in many countries, specifically in areas without effective groundwater protection and management. therefore, groundwater vulnerabi...

1-introduction one of the problems that is important in the waste management is the topic of waste rural landfill site selection and latex resulting from that in rural areas. the latex can be because groundwater pollution the contamination vulnerability and groundwater protection assessment has proved to be an effective tool for the delineation of protection zones in area affected by groundwate...

introduction vulnerability is a logical effect outcome from risk of living over the hazardous regions as well as the resiliency capacity of people for recovers the damages of hazard events. vulnerability is a complex phenomenon which can effect and observe in from of environmental, political and c-social-economical vulnerability. according to land subsidence hazard affected over the residential...

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a widely used drought index to provide good estimations of the intensity, magnitude and spatial extent of droughts. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial pattern of drought by SPI index. In this paper, patterns of drought hazard in Khuzestan are evaluated according to the data of 17 weather stations during data recording. The influe...