introduction: different mechanisms are involved in stress induced analgesia (sia) and hyperalgesia (sih). repeated stress induces development of tolerance to sia. the role of hpa axis and gs signaling pathway in these effects are investigated in the current study. methods: forced swim stress (5 min/day) in water (20±1 ºc) was employed to adult male wistar rats (200-250 g). the nociceptive thres...

Introduction: Different mechanisms are involved in stress induced analgesia (SIA) and hyperalgesia (SIH). Repeated stress induces development of tolerance to SIA. The role of HPA axis and Gs signaling pathway in these effects are investigated in the current study. Methods: Forced swim stress (5 min/day) in water (20±1 ºC) was employed to adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g). The nociceptive t...

Red meat and dairy products contain high sialic acid (Sia) levels, but the metabolic fate and health impact in children remain unknown. The aims of the present study were to quantify the levels of urinary Sia N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and ketodeoxynonulosonic acid (KDN) and to determine their relationship with dietary Sia intake. Spot urine samples wer...

purpose : to compare the outcomes of coaxial microincision phacoemulsification with that of conventional coaxial phacoemulsification setting: department of ophthalmology, farabi and noor eye hospitals, tehran, iran methods : in a prospective study, 74 eyes of 74 patients with cataract were randomly selected to have cataract extraction using 1 of 2 techniques: coaxial microincision phacoemulsifi...

The terminal sugar sialic acid (Sia) plays a pivotal role in cell-cell interaction and recognition. A prerequisite for the biosynthesis of sialoglycoconjugates is the activation of Sia to cytidine monophosphate-Sia (CMP-Sia), by CMP-Sia synthetases (CMP-Sia-syn). CMP-Sia-syn are conserved from bacteria to man, and have been found to reside in the nucleus of all vertebrate species analysed to da...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Formation of new (de novo) aneurysms in patients carrying saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) disease has been published, but data from population-based cohorts are scarce. METHODS Kuopio sIA database (http://www.uef.fi/ns) contains all unruptured and ruptured sIA patients admitted to Kuopio University Hospital from its Eastern Finnish catchment population. We studied ...

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Ofir et al.1 In 70 eyes, the authors used three devices to evaluate surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in eyes undergoing cataract surgery with temporal 2.4-mm clear corneal incisions. Vector analysis was used appropriately to calculate the SIA in each eye.2 However, when reporting the median and mean of the SIA in the whole group, the autho...

Nearly two dozen microbial pathogens have surface polysaccharides or lipo-oligosaccharides that contain sialic acid (Sia), and several Sia-dependent virulence mechanisms are known to enhance bacterial survival or result in host tissue injury. Some pathogens are also known to O-acetylate their Sias, although the role of this modification in pathogenesis remains unclear. We report that neuD, a ge...

BACKGROUND Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is used to manage postoperative pain. Postoperatively, some patients need to be re-instructed on its correct use. This study explores the efficacy of re-instruction and illustrates a comprehensive version of the Silverman integrated approach (C-SIA), based on the integration of static and dynamic pain scores, morphine consumption, and the ratio betw...