In the persesnt work an artificial satellite theory is developed including all the zonal harmonics of the geopotential besides the post-Newtnian effects arising from the Schwarzschild solution and the Earth's oblateness. The Hamiltonian is formed in terms of the Deluanay canonical variables allowing for the coupling between the Newtonian and the post-Newtonian terms. Small quantities are retain...

This study presents a classification of stratospheric extreme events during northern winter into events with or without a consistent downward propagation of anomalies to the troposphere. Anomalous strong and weak stratospheric polar vortex events are detected from daily time series of the polar cap averaged (60∘–90∘N) geopotential height anomaly. The method is applied to chemistry-climate model...

In s coordinates, a variable f e(x, y, s, t) whose horizontal gradient 2=f e is equal to the irrotational part of the horizontal pressure gradient force is referred to as an equivalent isobaric geopotential height. Its inner part can be derived from the solution of a Poisson equation with zero Dirichlet boundary value. Because 2=f (x, y, p, t) is also the irrotational part of the horizontal pre...

[1] We report new observations of stationary planetary waves in the Southern Hemisphere of Mars by Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). We focus on a period during midwinter (Ls = 134 –160 ) when independent observations were acquired by two techniques. Radio occultation experiments sounded the atmosphere at essentially fixed latitude ( 68 S) and local time ( 1030), yielding profiles of geopotential and...

The choice of global geopotential model used in remove-restore technique for determination of regional quasigeoid from gravity data may affect the solution, in particular when the accuracy is supposed to reach a centimetre level. Global geopotential model plays also an important role in validating height anomalies at GPS/levelling sites that are used for the estimation of the external accuracy ...

A least squares regression method is formulated for obtaining global temperature and geopotential height profiles from satellite radiation measurements, particularly those obtained by the Satellite Infra-Red Spectrometer (SIRS) aboard the Nimbus 3 satellite launched Apr. 14, 1969. Regression equations relating temperature and geopotential height to spectral radiance observations are derived. A ...

A popular methodology to filter seemingly chaotic atmospheric flow into an ordered set of modes of variability is to identify those patterns of geopotential height that occur often. Historically, understanding of the leading patterns or modes of variability was determined through linear statistical methods. Recently, nonlinear methods, such as kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), have be...

Airborne measurement of the horizontal pressure field using differential GPS technology has been established during the last few years. Accurate aircraft measurement of the horizontal pressure gradient force requires an independent determination of the height of the airborne platform above some reference level. Here the authors demonstrate a differential GPS technique that uses data from a fixe...

This paper addresses the anomaly correlation of the 500-hPa geopotential heights from a suite of global multimodels and from a model-weighted ensemble mean called the superensemble. This procedure follows a number of current studies on weather and seasonal climate forecasting that are being pursued. This study includes a slightly different procedure from that used in other current experimental ...