effect of different concentrations of ammonium chloride (ncl) and ammonium nitrate (nn)and surfactants such as tween-80, hpcd and rhamnolipids on the bioremediation of pahs and ocps wasinvestigated. the results showed that the best optimum concentration of ncl and nn was 50 g·kg-1, and thepahs degradation rate during 60 days of remediation was enhanced to 64.6% and 62.8% for ncl and nn,respecti...

Continuous observation of individual motile microorganisms is difficult, since their swimming speed is fast compared with their diameters. In fact, some bacteria can swim as fast as 50 diameters/s [1]. At this speed, microorganisms can quickly go out of the range of static measurement instruments, such as the field of view of optical microscopes. This problem can be solved by tracking the micro...

Undernutrition or malnutrition adversely affects host defenses against many invading microorganisms, thereby increasing the severity of infection. Studies of RNA viruses (e.g., coxsackievirus B and influenzavirus) have shown that selenium or vitamin E deficiency in mice increases disease severity and results in stable genomic changes in the virus that increase virulence. Changes in H3N2 influen...