Reference and command governors are add-on control schemes which enforce state and control constraints on pre-stabilized systems by modifying, whenever necessary, the reference. This paper surveys the extensive literature concerning the development of such schemes for linear and nonlinear systems. The treatment of unmeasured disturbances and parametric uncertainties is also detailed. Generaliza...

A GOVERNOR is a part of a machine by means of which the velocity of the machine is kept nearly uniform, notwithstanding variations in the driving-power or the resistance. Most governors depend on the centrifugal force of a piece connected with a shaft of the machine. When the velocity increases, this force increases, and either increases the pressure of the piece against a surface or moves the ...

This article explains governors’ decisions to support or oppose Medicaid expansions offered under the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. We theorize that governors’ decisions to oppose the funding should depend on both political demands and the level of need in the state, though politics and need are often in tension. We find that governors’ partisanship and the composition of the...

This paper considers a nonlinear feedback control policy that is an extension of those provided by command governors and reference governors. As in these control approaches it applies to discrete-time linear systems with hard constraints and set bounded disturbances. The control policy retains the main properties of traditional governors, such as straightforward direct implementation and finite...