This paper develops new techniques to assess the expanse of the geographic market under varying supply and demand conditions and applies these techniques to the current wholesale electricity market in the western United States. This paper finds that, by and large, the expanse of the geographic market extends across most of the western United States, but that conditions which create congestion a...

‘Drought-proofing’ Australia is a concept that fires the imagination of the Australian people, particularly during severe drought. One recurring suggestion to achieve this aim is to form a large water expanse in central Australia, with the assumption that moisture evaporating from such an expanse would later precipitate over agricultural regions in eastern Australia. This premise then opens the...

The Experimental ATM and Network Services Environment (EXPANSE) prototype provides an experimental testbed for multimedia, multiparty telecommunications services over heterogeneous communications networks. The EXPANSE software architecture supports the functional separation of call and connection control. At the call control layer an object-oriented, transaction-based call model provides for th...

1 We investigate the toroidal expanse of an embedded graph G, that is, the size of the largest 2 toroidal grid contained in G as a minor. In the course of this work we introduce a new embedding 3 density parameter, the stretch of an embedded graph G, and use it to bound the toroidal 4 expanse from above and from below within a constant factor depending only on the genus and 5 the maximum degree...

Forest ecosystems are vast, second in expanse only to marine [...]